在中西对比中看中华民族  

Perceiving Chinese Nation through Comparison between China and Western Countries

作　　者：杨圣敏 YANG Sheng-min(Center for Chinese Ethnic Minority Studies,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学中国少数民族研究中心,北京100081

出　　处：《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第5期5-17,共13页Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：本文主要谈两个方面问题。一、中国人的爱国主义与美西方民族中心主义的区别,指出美西方的爱国主义是大规模的利己主义,中国人的爱国主义不仅是对传统意义上的中华民族的认同,还是对社会主义制度的认同。二、在中西对比中看中华民族的历史与传统文化的特点,指出作为世界唯一两千年不曾中断的文明和大一统国家,其长期统一的基础包括了五个方面:(1)地理环境,地域辽阔、内向型、半封闭、核心区辽阔而富饶;(2)经济特点,环境与经济多样,互补共生;(3)政治制度,多元一体,中央集权为主,羁縻制度为辅;(4)传统文化与价值观,整体观、循环论的宇宙观,和为贵,重视群体,先公后私,重视义务、责任;(5)民族政策,一国多制,主张夷夏一体、和而不同,不追求民族同化,历来是多民族统一的国家,不是单一民族国家。This paper mainly focuses on the following two aspects:firstly,the difference between patriotism of Chinese people and the American and western ethnocentrism,pointing out that the patriotism of the US and other western countries is individualism in a large scale,while the patriotism of the Chinese people is not only the identification of the Chinese nation in the traditional sense,but also the identification of the socialist system;secondly,in the comparison of the history and traditional cultural characteristics between the Chinese nation and the western world,it points out the basis for its long-term unification of China as the only civilization and unified country that has never been interrupted for two thousand years in five aspects.These five aspects are listed as follows:1)geographically,it boasts vast territory with introverted,semi-closed characteristics and vast and rich core area;2)economically,it boasts the feature of environment and economy being diverse,complementary and mutual dependent;3)politically,it is featured by diversity in unity,with centralization being the core while detaining system being the auxiliary;4)from the traditional culture and value perspective,it values holism and cycle theory of universe,harmony being the precious,emphasizing on the general public which puts public before private and attaches importance to obligations and responsibilities;5)from the ethnic policy point of view,it is a country with multiple systems,and it advocates the integration of Han and other ethnic minorities,harmony but differences,and it does not pursue national assimilation.It has always been a multi-national unified country,not a single nation state.

关 键 词：中西对比 中华民族 文化特点 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]