控释掺混肥料一次性基施对热带地区水稻产量及氮肥利用效率的影响  

Effects of One-time Application of Controlled-release Bulk Blending Fertilizer on Grain Yield and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Rice in Tropical Regions

作　　者：杨红竹[1,2] 黄艳艳 刘海林 林清火[1,2] 茶正早 罗微[1,2] YANG Hongzhu;HUANG Yanyan;LIU Hailin;LIN Qinghuo;CHA Zhengzao;LUO Wei(Rubber Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Soil and Fertilizer Research Center,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation&Physiology of Tropical Crops,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China;Danzhou Soil Environment of Rubber Plantation,Hainan Observation and Research Station,Danzhou,Hainan 571737,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所/中国热带农业科学院土壤肥料研究中心/省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地-海南省热带作物栽培生理学重点实验室,海南海口571101 [2]儋州橡胶林土壤环境海南省野外科学观测研究站,海南儋州571737

出　　处：《福建农业学报》2024年第7期766-774,共9页Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国热带农业科学院国家热带农业科学中心科技创新团队项目(CATASCXTD202303);海南省自然科学基金(320QN348)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究控释掺混肥及减氮处理对热带地区水稻产量及氮肥利用效率的影响,以期促进控释掺混肥料在热带地区水稻栽培中的科学施用及推广应用。【方法】以控释掺混肥料为试验材料,在海南省屯昌县枫木镇和儋州市东成镇开展大田试验,设置常规施肥(分3次施肥)、控释掺混肥料一次性基施及其减氮10%和减氮20%处理,测定双季稻产量、氮素吸收及氮肥利用效率。【结果】等氮条件下,控释掺混肥料一次性基施能够促进水稻氮素吸收、干物质累积,提高水稻产量和氮肥利用效率;与常规分次施肥相比,水稻产量提高7.43%~22.84%,地上部干物质累积量提高8.22%~22.39%,氮素累积量提高12.19%~32.06%,氮肥利用率提高31.67%~75.65%,且均差异显著(除东成早稻产量外)。而在减氮10%~20%条件下,控释掺混肥一次性基施也能提高或不显著降低水稻产量、干物质累积量和氮素累积量,对氮肥利用率也具有一定提升效果。【结论】控释掺混肥一次性基施可提高水稻产量及肥料氮肥利用率,减氮10%~20%仍能获得较高产量,是热带地区水稻轻简化施肥和减氮增效的有效途径。【Objective】Effects of one-time application of controlled-release bulk blending fertilizer(CRBF)on the grain yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency of double-cropping rice farming in tropical regions were studied.【Method】Field experiments were carried out in Fengmu Town,Tunchang County and Dongcheng Town,Danzhou City in Hainan Province during 2016 rice growing season.The conventional fertilization applied in 3 separate times(T1)was implemented along with one-time applications of CRBF without N reduction(T2),with 10%N reduction(T3),and with 20%N reduction(T4).Grain yield,N uptake,and N utilization efficiency on the double-cropping rice cultivation were determined at harvest.【Result】The one-time applications of CRBF promoted N absorption and dry matter accumulation with improved grain yield and N utilization of the rice plants.In comparison to T1,they increased 7.43%–22.84%on the grain yield,8.22%–22.39%on the above-ground dry matter accumulation,12.19%–32.06%on the N accumulation,and 31.67%–75.65%on the N recovery efficiency based on an equal N input of CRBF.Except for the yield of early rice at Dongcheng site,the differences were significant.Moreover,T2 also surpassed T3 and T4 mostly on grain yield,dry matter,and N content as well as N recovery efficiency.【Conclusion】By applying CRBF once annually for the base fertilization,the grain production and N fertilizer utilization of rice plants were significantly improved over the conventional practice.Furthermore,a 10%–20%reduction on N fertilizer did not significantly lower the grain yield.Thus,the application not only simplified the operation but also benefitted the grain production and conserved N for the double cropping rice farming in the tropical regions.

关 键 词：控释掺混肥料 一次性施用 水稻 热带地区 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]