国民政府对侵华日军毒气战的追责及其阻碍  

The Nationalist Government's Efforts and Failures in Prosecuting Japanese Gas Warfare Crimes

作　　者：曹鲁晓 Cao Luxiao

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学战争审判与世界和平研究院

出　　处：《近代史研究》2024年第5期128-141,M0006,共15页Modern Chinese History Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金抗日战争研究专项工程“日本战犯审判文献征集、整理与数据库建设”(16KZD012)的阶段性果。

摘　　要：二战期间,日军屡屡违反国际法,对华实施毒气战。中国在遭受苦难的同时,也将这一罪行公诸世界,并着手搜集罪证,为同盟国的追责铺平道路。战后,国际检察局和国民政府皆对日军毒气战进行调查和起诉。然而,美国军方出于发展化学武器的军事考量,干涉相关审判,致使日军毒气战在法律依据完备且罪证充实的情况下成为东京法庭的未审之罪,并释放了被武汉军事法庭判处无期徒刑的涉案战犯棍浦银次郎。同盟国未能在战后第一时间对毒气战罪行和涉案战犯充分追责,导致相关历史记忆被冲淡,并增添了国际社会禁绝毒气之路的阻碍。During World War II,the Japanese army flagrantly violated international law by using gas warfare against China,causing immense suffering among the Chinese people.In response,the Chinese government made concerted efforts to expose these grave crimes and gather evidence for post-war prosecution by the Allied Powers.After the war,both the International Prosecution Section and the Nationalist Government pursued prosecution for these war crimes.However,the U.S.military intervened,aiming to advance its own chemical weapons development.As a result,the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal did not address the charges of Japanese gas warfare,despite the substantial evidence and a solid legal foundation.Additionally,Kajiura Ginjiro,a war criminal sentenced to life imprisonment by the Wuhan Military Court,was later released.The Allied Powers'failure to thoroughly investigate and prosecute these crimes contributed to the erosion of historical memory and hindered the international community's progress in banning poison gas.

关 键 词：侵华日军 毒气战 东京审判 战犯审判 梶浦银次郎 

分 类 号：E295[军事—军事理论]