数字化转型、企业内部调整与多产品加成率  

Digital Transformation, Internal Adjustments of Enterprises, and Multi-product Markups

作　　者：张春媛 顾国达[1] 张洪胜[2] ZHANG Chunyuan;GU Guoda;ZHANG Hongsheng(Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学经济学院,310058 [2]浙江大学中国数字贸易研究院,310058

出　　处：《经济学动态》2024年第8期93-110,共18页Economic Perspectives

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目“数字化变革、数据要素化与高质量发展”(72141305);国家自然科学基金面上项目“数字贸易平台推动我国贸易高质量创新发展研究”(72273125)。

摘　　要：多产品出口企业加成率提升是数字化转型赋能推进高水平对外开放的重要方面。本文分别基于自然语言处理技术和De Loecker et al.(2016)方法测算了企业数字化转型和产品层面加成率指标,在此基础上实证探究了数字化转型对多产品出口企业产品加成率的影响效应及作用机制。研究发现:总体上,数字化转型有利于促进多产品企业加成率的提升,并且对核心产品加成率的促进作用大于对非核心产品加成率的促进作用。机制检验结果表明,要素配置优化效应和产品质量升级效应是数字化转型提高多产品企业加成率的内在路径,由于上述效应在核心产品中的作用更强,因此,大幅提高了核心产品的加成率。本研究揭示了由数字化转型驱动的企业内部产品资源配置和差异化调整对培育中国外贸竞争新优势的重要意义。Digital transformation is an important strategic choice made by enterprises against the background of rapid development of the digital economy and a deeper transformation caused by the integration of digital technology and comprehensive elements of enterprises. Digital technology, with its extensive connectivity, efficiency enhancement, deepened collaboration, and open-source nature, has triggered a profound transformation in the domain of international trade, which is of great significance to cultivating new competitive advantages for foreign trade enterprises and propelling highlevel openness. The product markups of multi-product exporters constitute an important perspective to understand the construction of a high-level opening-up system in China empowered by digital transformation. Based on the natural language processing technology and the estimation method of De Loecker et al.(2016), this paper calculates the enterprise digital transformation and product markup indicators, respectively. Based on the matching data of listed companies and Chinese customs from 2006 to 2015, this paper systematically examines the impact of digital transformation on the product markups of multi-product exporters and its mechanism at the theoretical and empirical levels.The results show that enterprise digital transformation can significantly improve the product markups of multi-product exporters. Further research shows that the promotion effect of digital transformation on product markups varies according to product ranking, and the closer the products are to the core competitiveness, the stronger the promotion effect is. The conclusions of this paper are still valid after a series of robustness and endogeneity tests. The mechanism analysis results demonstrate that the factor allocation optimization effect and product quality upgrading effect are the internal mechanisms of digital transformation to improve markups of multi-product exporters. For the products that are closer to the core competitiveness, digital transformation mak

关 键 词：数字化转型 多产品出口企业 产品加成率 企业内部调整 

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