联盟韧性视域下美国-欧盟人工智能合作发展及其限度——基于美国-欧盟贸易和技术委员会的考察  

Development and Limits of US-EU Al Cooperation from the Perspective of Alliance ResilienceBased on a Study of the US-EU Trade and Technology Council(TTC)

作　　者：杜洞光 李相毅 DU Dongguang;LI Xiangyi

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国际关系学院

出　　处：《欧洲研究》2024年第4期60-86,I0003,I0004,共29页Chinese Journal of European Studies

摘　　要：随着人工智能技术的飞速发展,美国和欧盟在该领域的合作不断加深。国际关系层面的联盟韧性是指国家通过联盟合作应对冲击、进行政策调整以恢复抵抗风险的能力,对国家间关系具有维系、协同、预防三种效应。美欧已在美国—欧盟贸易和技术委员会框架内展开人工智能合作以增强联盟韧性。通过合作,双方得以增强各自在人工智能领域的实力,构建新的国际技术秩序,巩固双方传统联盟伙伴关系,并在中美战略竞争背景下协调对华政策。在合作措施上,双方通过数据不共享的联合开发建模训练以保障数据安全,运用以预防风险为导向的算法共同加强人工智能监管,通过三大机制强化半导体芯片领域合作以维系供应链安全,协同构建人工智能技术标准以推进政策实践。然而,特朗普任内单边主义的“政治遗产”、欧洲对战略自主的追求、美欧对中国科技崛起的认知差异,以及人工智能发展的不完备性,都在一定程度上阻碍了双方的联盟韧性合作。展望未来,美欧将继续在人工智能监管与风险处理、以尊重人权为由加强技术联盟、强化人工智能军事化应用三个方面展开深度合作。With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology,the cooperation between the United States and the European Union in this field is deepening.Alliance resilience in the field of international relations refers to the ability of different countries to cope with shocks and make policy adjustments through alliance cooperation to restore their ability to resist risks.Alliance resilience has three effects on inter-state relations:maintenance,coordination and prevention.The US and the EU have launched AI cooperation within the framework of the US-EU Trade and Technology Council to enhance alliance resilience,which could thus improve their respective strengths in the field of artificial intelligence,build a new international technology order,consolidate their traditional alliance partnership,and coordinate their policies toward China in the context of China-US strategic competition.In terms of cooperation measures,the two sides will implement joint development modeling training without data sharing to maintain data security,use risk-oriented algorithms to jointly strengthen artificial intelligence supervision,strengthen cooperation in the field of semiconductor chips through three mechanisms to maintain supply chain security,and jointly build artificial intelligence technology standards to promote policy practice.However,the"political legacy"of unilateralism under Trump Administration,Europe's pursuit of strategic autonomy,the differences between the US and EU in the perception of China's scientific and technology rise,and the imperfections in the development of artificial intelligence have,to some extent,hindered the resilience of the alliance between the two sides.In the future,the US and the EU will continue to carry out and strengthen in-depth cooperation in three aspects:AI supervision and risk management,technology alliances on the ground of respecting human rights,and the militarized application of AI.

关 键 词：联盟韧性 美欧关系 美国—欧盟贸易和技术委员会 人工智能 技术合作 

分 类 号：F49[经济管理—产业经济]