地缘政治视角下的欧盟能源转型再审视  

Re-examining the EU's Energy Transition from a Geopolitical Perspective

作　　者：崔守军[1,2] 李竺畔 CUI Shoujun;LI Zhupan

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国际关系学院 [2]中国人民大学国际发展研究所

出　　处：《欧洲研究》2024年第4期113-132,I0004,I0005,共22页Chinese Journal of European Studies

摘　　要：地缘政治在能源安全的动态塑造中扮演重要角色。在能源安全的理论与实践中,存在地缘政治和自由市场两种逻辑,这两种逻辑不是相互排斥而是交叉共存的。本文借鉴“能源安全化”理论框架,提出“安全状态—安全能力—安全认知”三要素是决定能源安全化启动的先决条件。俄乌地缘冲突和能源危机的叠加使欧盟的能源转型遭遇重大挫折,欧盟及其成员国因能源安全状态恶化、安全能力下降导致安全认知发生改变,由此引发能源安全化进程加速。在欧俄地缘政治对抗的冲击下,欧盟对自身的能源转型进行再审视,其政策聚焦点从“加快绿色能源转型”向“确保能源供应安全”转移。欧盟在能源转型“脱碳”目标保持不变的前提下,推进该目标的方式发生显著变化,并重新校准绿色能源转型推进的节奏和步伐。Geopolitics plays an important role in shaping the dynamics of energy security.In both theory and practice,there exist two parallel logics of energy security governance,that is,geopolitical logic and free market logic,which are not mutually exclusive but rather co-existing.This article draws on the theoretical framework of""energy securitization"and proposes that the three elements of"security status-security capabilities-security perceptiona"re the prerequisites for the initiation of energy securitization.A combination of the geopolitical conflict between Russia and Ukraine and the energy crisis has caused major setbacks in the EU's energy transition.The deterioration of energy security and the decline in security capabilities of the EU and its member states have led to changes in security perceptions,which has accelerated the process of energy securitization.Under the impact of the geopolitical confrontation between Europe and Russia,the EU has re-examined its own energy transformation,and its policy focus has shifted from"accelerating the transition of green energy"to"ensuring the security of energy supply".While the EU's"decarbonization"goal of energy transition remains unchanged,the way it advances this goal has undergone significant changes,recalibrating the rhythm and pace of achieving its green energy transition.

关 键 词：欧盟 能源安全 安全化 能源转型 地缘政治 

分 类 号：D814.1[政治法律—国际关系] F416.2[政治法律—政治学]