血站ELISA联合核酸检测对于无偿献血标本输血传播疾病筛查结果的影响研究  

The Impact of ELISA Combined with Nucleic Acid Testing in Blood Stations on the Screening Results of Transfusion Transmitted Diseases in Voluntary Blood Donation Specimens

作　　者：黄丽明 HUANG Liming(Clinical Laboratory,Zhanjiang Central Blood Station,Zhanjiang 524000,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省湛江市中心血站检验科,湛江524000

出　　处：《中国医药指南》2024年第30期120-122,共3页Guide of China Medicine

摘　　要：目的 研究血站酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)与核酸检测联合应用于无偿献血标本输血传播疾病筛查中的作用。方法 选取2022年1月至2023年12月血站检验科采集的109 860份无偿献血的血液标本,其中2022年血液标本数为59 366份,而2023年血液标本数为50 494份。每份血液标本留取两份,分别用于进行ELISA检测与核酸检测。对2022年和2023年血液标本检测结果进行分析。结果 2022年59 366份血液标本中,通过ELISA检测后,共有1225份不合格,不合格率为2.06%(1225/59 366),其中乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBs Ag)不合格222份,占比0.37%(222/59 366);抗人类免疫缺陷病毒的抗体(抗-HIV)不合格66份,占比0.11%(66/59 366);丙型肝炎病毒抗体(抗-HCV)不合格100份,占比0.17%(100/59 366);梅毒不合格174份,占比0.29%(174/59 366);其他484份,占比0.82%(484/59 366)。58 141份ELISA检测合格标本中,核酸检测不合格28份,不合格率为0.048%(28/58 141)。2023年50 494份血液标本中,通过ELISA检测后,共有981份不合格,不合格率为1.94%(981/50 494),其中HBsAg不合格150份,占比0.30%(150/50 494);抗-HIV不合格211份,占比0.42%(211/50 494);抗-HCV不合格71份,占比0.14%(71/50 494);梅毒不合格134份,占比0.27%(134/50 494);其他335份,占比0.66%(335/50 494)。49 513份ELISA检测合格标本中,核酸检测不合格27份,不合格率为0.05%(27/49 513)。结论 血站无偿献血血液标本经ELISA结合核酸检测可行性高,能够使血液标本内病毒检出率提高,保障临床输血安全。Objective To investigate the role of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) combined with nucleic acid testing in screening transfusion transmitted diseases in voluntary blood donation specimens.Methods A total of 109 860 blood samples were collected from the laboratory of the blood station from January 2022 to December 2023,including 59 366 blood samples in 2022 and 50 494 blood samples in 2023.Take two copies of each blood sample for ELISA and nucleic acid testing,respectively.Analyze the results of blood sample testing in 2022 and 2023.Results In 2022,out of 59 366 blood samples,1225 were unqualified by ELISA,with a unqualified rate of 2.06%(1225/59 366),of which 222 were unqualified for hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg),accounting for 0.37%(222/59 366);66 samples of anti HIV antibodies were found to be unqualified,accounting for 0.11%(66/59 366);100 samples of hepatitis C virus antibodies(anti HCV) were found to be unqualified,accounting for 0.17%(100/59 366);174 cases of syphilis were found to be unqualified,accounting for 0.29%(174/59 366);484 other copies,accounting for 0.82%(484/59 366).Among 58 141 qualified ELISA specimens,28 failed nucleic acid testing,with a failure rate of 0.048%(28/58 141).Among the 50 494 blood samples in 2023,a total of 981 were found to be unqualified after ELISA testing,with an unqualified rate of 1.94%(981/50 494).Among them,150 HBsAg were unqualified,accounting for 0.30%(150/50 494);211 anti HIV cases were found to be unqualified,accounting for 0.42%(211/50 494);71 cases of unqualified anti HCV,accounting for 0.14%(71/50 494);134 cases of syphilis were found to be unqualified,accounting for 0.27%(134/50 494);Other 335 copies,accounting for 0.66%(335/50 494).Among the 49 513 qualified ELISA specimens,27 failed nucleic acid testing,with a failure rate of 0.05%(27/49 513).Conclusions The combination of ELISA and nucleic acid testing is highly feasible for blood samples donated by blood stations without compensation,which can increase the detection rate of viruses in blood samp

关 键 词：核酸检测 无偿献血标本 酶联免疫吸附测定 输血传播疾病 

分 类 号：R457.1[医药卫生—治疗学] R446.6[医药卫生—临床医学]