锂离子电池不同SOC下的热失控燃爆过程分析  

Analysis of thermal runaway explosion process of lithium-ion batteries at different SOC

作　　者：范高敏 王晓娜[1] 王志宇 杨遂军[1] 叶树亮[1] FAN Gaomin;WANG Xiaona;WANG Zhiyu;YANG Suijun;YE Shuliang(Institute of Thermal Measurement and Analysis Technology and Instrument,China Jiliang University,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310018,China)

机构地区：[1]中国计量大学热测试分析技术与仪器研究所,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《电源技术》2024年第10期2046-2051,共6页Chinese Journal of Power Sources

基　　金：质检总局科技计划项目(2022MK219)。

摘　　要：为明晰锂离子电池不同荷电状态(SOC)的热失控燃爆过程及其危险性,以18650型锂离子电池为研究对象,在20 L标准容器中进行不同SOC电池的热失控实验,记录并分析燃爆过程的温度、压力和质量数据。结果表明,锂离子电池热失控燃爆过程存在喷射和燃爆两个阶段,且喷射持续时间随着SOC增加而缩短,SOC为25%时,喷射时间长达10.1 s,而SOC为100%时,喷射时间仅有0.03 s;SOC为25%时,燃爆质量损失为原电池质量的14%,而SOC为100%时,达到67.8%,随着SOC的增大,电池质量损失大幅增加;SOC为75%和100%时,电池燃爆的最大压力p_(max)与电池表面最高温度q_(max)变化负相关,而SOC为25%和50%时,p_(max)和q_(max)均较大。该研究结果有助于明晰锂离子电池热失控燃爆过程,对锂离子电池的结构设计、安全性评估具有指导意义。In order to clarify the thermal runaway explosion process and its hazards of lithium-ion batteries at different state of charge(SOC),18650 lithium-ion batteries were selected as the research object,and the thermal runaway experiments of the batteries at different SOC were conducted in a 20 L standard container.The temperature,pressure,and quality data of the explosion process were recorded and analyzed.The results show that there are two stages(injection and explosion)in the thermal runaway explosion process of lithium-ion batteries.The duration time of injection decreases with the increase of SOC.The injection stage lasts for 10.1 s at 25%SOC,while it only lasts for 0.03 s at 100%SOC.The explosion mass loss is 14%of the original battery mass at 25%SOC,and reaches 67.8%at 100%SOC.With the increase of SOC,the mass loss of the battery increases significantly.Themaximum explosion pressure p_(max) is negatively correlated with the maximum surface temperature q_(max) of batteries at 75%and 100%SOC,while the p_(max) and q_(max) at 25%and 50%SOC are both larger.The results of the study are helpful to clarify the thermal runaway explosion process of lithium-ion batteries,and have some guiding significance for the structure design and safety evaluation of lithium-ion batteries.

关 键 词：锂离子电池 燃爆 热失控 荷电状态 20 L球 

分 类 号：TM912.9[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]