非贵过渡金属催化剂在电催化氮气合成氨中的应用  

Application of Non-Precious Transition Metal Catalyst in Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Synthesis of Ammonia

作　　者：刘锶宇 韦一可 檀玉 苑维铭 梁可心 张胜寒 Siyu Liu;Yike Wei;Yu Tan;Weiming Yuan;Kexin Liang;Shenghan Zhang(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,North China Electric Power University,Baoding 071000,China;Huaneng Dongguan Gas Turbine Cogeneration Co.,LTD.,Dongguan 523000,China)

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学(保定),环境科学与工程系,保定071000 [2]华能东莞燃机热电有限责任公司,东莞523000

出　　处：《化学进展》2024年第8期1134-1144,共11页Progress in Chemistry

摘　　要：氨作为重要的化工产品和化工原料广泛用于工业、农业、医药等行业,在全球经济发展中有不可替代的作用。目前,工业合成氨主要采用传统的哈伯工艺(Haber-Bosch),该工艺消耗大量的化石能源,且平衡转化率相对较低。电催化氮气还原合成氨反应可以在常温常压下将N_(2)与H_(2)O转化为NH_(3),且操作简易,原料易于获取,成为科研领域重要的研究方向。其中,以d区过渡金属为代表的如非贵金属过渡金属基氧化物、氮化物、硫化物、双金属催化剂和杂原子基催化剂展现出了良好的催化性能。本文重点综述了过渡金属基电催化氮还原反应(E-NRR)电催化制氨的最新进展,包括其面临的挑战、反应机理、E-NRR催化剂的不同材料,重点研究了结构-性能关系。从合成方案、结构修饰、活性、选择性增强和反应机制等方面介绍了提高E-NRR性能的策略和未来发展前景,为E-NRR研究领域提供参考。As an important chemical product and chemical raw material,ammonia is widely used in industry,agriculture,medicine and other industries,and plays an irreplaceable role in global economic development.At present,industrial ammonia synthesis mainly uses the traditional Haber-Bosch process,which consumes a lot of fossil energy and has a relatively low equilibrium conversion rate.Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction of ammonia synthesis can convert N_(2) and H_(2)O into NH_(3) at normal temperature and pressure,and it is easy to operate and easy to obtain raw materials,which has become an important research direction in the scientific research field.Among them,non-precious metal transition metal-based oxides,nitrides,sulfides,bimetal catalysts and heteroatom-based catalysts represented by transition metals in zone d showed good catalytic performance.This paper focuses on the recent progress of electrocatalytic ammonia production by transition metal-based electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction(E-NRR),including its challenges,reaction mechanism,and different materials of E-NRR catalysts,and focuses on the structure-performance relationship.The strategies and prospects for improving the performance of E-NRR were introduced from the aspects of synthesis scheme,structure modification,activity,selective enhancement and reaction mechanism.

关 键 词：电催化合成氨 过渡金属 氮还原反应 

分 类 号：TQ116.2[化学工程—无机化工]