洞庭湖东缘新开镇土壤重金属特征、来源及评价  

Characteristics,sources and evaluation of soil heavy metals in east margin of Dongting Lake,Xinkai Town

作　　者：李聪 陈方伟 毛雄 李源钊 廖琦 郭军 LI Cong;CHEN Fangwei;MAO Xiong;LI Yuanzhao;LIAO Qi;GUO Jun(Changsha Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey Center,China Geological Survey,Changsha Hunan 410625)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局长沙自然资源综合调查中心,湖南长沙410625

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2024年第10期1460-1466,共7页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：自然资源部中国地质调查局国土空间生态环境地质调查及修复项目(No.ZD20220213);自然资源部中国地质调查局国土空间生态地质调查项目(No.DD20230478)。

摘　　要：2021年4—9月采集了洞庭湖东缘新开镇的851件土壤样品,分析了As、Pb、Cu、Zn、Ni、Cd、Hg、Cr 8种重金属,并探究了重金属污染的特征和来源,对重金属生态风险进行了评价,并且利用《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》(GB 15618—2018)进行了风险地区划分。结果表明:土壤中As、Pb、Cu、Cr、Hg、Ni、Cd、Zn质量浓度平均值分别为13.56、34.51、25.91、74.86、0.09、23.46、0.26、74.95 mg/kg。用正定矩阵因子法对8种重金属进行源解析,发现Hg主要来自大气沉降源,Cd主要来自金属冶炼排放源,Pb、Zn、Cu主要来自农业污染活动源,As、Cr、Ni主要来自自然源。8种重金属的综合潜在生态风险主要由Hg和Cd贡献。土壤环境质量地球化学综合评价将新开镇分为3类风险地区,分别为无风险地区(109.00 km^(2),占77.75%)、风险可控地区(29.49 km^(2),占21.03%)、风险较高地区(1.71 km^(2),占1.22%)。From April to September 2021,851 soil samples were collected from Xinkai Town in east margin of Dongting Lake.As,Pb,Cu,Zn,Ni,Cd,Hg and Cr were analyzed.The pollution characteristics and sources of the 8 heavy metals were explored.Ecological risk were evaluated.Risk areas were divided using“Soil environmental quality-risk control standard for soil contamination of agricultural land”(GB 15618-2018).Results showed that the average mass concentrations of As,Pb,Cu,Cr,Hg,Ni,Cd and Zn in soil were 13.56,34.51,25.91,74.86,0.09,23.46,0.26 and 74.95 mg/kg,respectively.According to the source analysis for 8 heavy metals by positive matrix factor method,it was found that atmospheric sedimentation source mainly contributed to Hg,metal smelting emission source mainly contributed to Cd,agricultural pollution activity source mainly contributed to Pb,Zn and Cu,and natural source mainly contributed to As,Cr and Ni.Comprehensive potential ecological risk of 8 heavy metals was mainly composed of Hg and Cd.The soil environmental quality and geochemical comprehensive evaluation divided Xinkai Town into 3 kinds of risk areas,namely risk-free area(109.00 km^(2),accounted for 77.75%),risk controllable area(29.49 km^(2),accounted for 21.03%),and high risk area(1.71 km^(2),accounted for 1.22%).

关 键 词：新开镇 表层土壤 重金属 源解析 环境质量 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]