弹性胶囊振荡水柱式波能转换装置的水动力特性研究  

Hydrodynamic characteristics of an elastic capsule oscillating water column wave energy converter

作　　者：余海涛[1,2] 白志刚 王英志[3] 刘宣 俞杰 YU Haitao;BAI Zhigang;WANG Yingzhi;LIU Xuan;YU Jie(State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Intelligent Construction and Operation,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;National Engineering Research Center of Port Hydraulic Construction Technology,Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering,M.O.T.,Tianjin 300456,China;China Water Resources Beifang Investigation,Design,and Research Co.Ltd,Tianjin 300222,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学水利工程智能建设与运维全国重点实验室,天津300072 [2]交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所港口水工建筑技术国家工程研究中心,天津300456 [3]中水北方勘测设计研究有限责任公司,天津300222

出　　处：《海洋工程》2024年第5期142-156,共15页The Ocean Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(41276086);水利工程仿真与安全国家重点实验室开放基金项目(HESS-1909)。

摘　　要：波浪能是一种极具潜力的可再生能源。为推进波能资源的利用,开发具有应用前景的新型波能转换装置(WEC),提出了创新性的弹性胶囊振荡水柱式(EC-OWC)波能转换装置,设计建立了物理试验模型。通过膨胀波试验,研究了弹性胶囊的膨胀特性和自由膨胀波的运动特性;通过波浪试验,研究了装置与波浪耦合作用时的水动力性能,以及波浪和模型参数对系统振荡和波高放大比的影响。结果显示:装置内外水头差由0增加至30 cm时,自由膨胀波波速由约3.02 m/s减小至1.90 m/s,与一维纵波理论结果规律相符;相对水深在0.0644~0.0782范围内时,稳定后的波高放大比基本均超过4,其中相对水深值为0.0706时达到最大波高放大比6;波高放大比随相对水头的增大先增大后减小,相对水头值为6时达到最大波高放大比6.5;波高放大比在相对管长为1.77时达到最大值6.35。结果表明:一维纵波理论可为弹性胶囊的设计提供支撑;控制水头差可有效调整装置的自然振荡周期;当装置内外振荡周期相匹配时,系统达到近似共振,装置内部膨胀波为驻波,且当胶囊长度接近半波长时,波高放大比达到最大。通过对EC-OWC模型的初步水动力性能试验研究,展示了该装置的优越性能和共振特性,可为此类WEC的开发提供参考。Wave energy is a highly promising renewable energy source.To promote the utilization of wave energy resources as well as develop new wave energy converters(WECs)with application prospects,a innovative elastic capsule oscillating water column(ECOWC)WEC has been proposed and a physical experimental model has been established.Through expansion wave experiments,the expansion characteristics of the elastic capsule and the motion characteristics of the free expansion wave were studied.Through wave experiments,the hydrodynamic performance of the device coupled with waves,as well as the influence of waves and model parameters on the system oscillation and wave height amplification ratio were investigated.The results show that:as the water head difference inside and outside the device increases from 0 to 30 cm,the wave speed of the free expansion wave decreases from about 3.0 m/s to 1.9 m/s,which is consistent with the one-dimensional longitudinal wave theory;when the relative water depth is in the range of 0.0644 to 0.0782,the stabilized wave height amplification ratio almost exceeds 4,with the maximum reaching 6 at a relative water depth of 0.0706;the wave height amplification ratio first increases and then decreases with the increases of relative water head,reaching a maximum of 6.5 at a relative water head of 6;the wave height amplification ratio reaches a maximum of 6.35 at a relative pipe length of 1.77.The results indicate that the one-dimensional longitudinal wave theory can provide support for the design of the elastic capsule;controlling the water head difference can effectively adjust the natural oscillation period of the device;when the oscillation periods inside and outside the device are matched,the system reaches near-resonance,and the expansion wave inside the capsule becomes a standing wave,and when the capsule length is close to half a wavelength,the wave height amplification ratio reaches a maximum.Through the preliminary hydrodynamic performance experiments on the EC-OWC model,the superior performance

关 键 词：波浪能 膨胀波 波能转换装置 振荡水柱 模型试验 

分 类 号：P743.2[天文地球—海洋科学]