滦河口退养还滩工程引起的径潮相互作用变化分析  

Changes in runoff-tide interactions resulting from the restoration from aquaculture to tidal flats in the Luanhe Estuary

作　　者：徐海珏[1] 粟雅磬 黄哲[1,2] 白玉川 王刚[1,2] 姚海元[3] XU Haijue;SU Yaqing;HUANG Zhe;BAI Yuchuan;WANG Gang;YAO Haiyuan(State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Intelligent Construction and Operation,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Marine Ecological Restoration and Smart Ocean Engineering Research Center of Hebei Province,Qinhuangdao 066010,China;Transport Planning and Research Institute Ministry of Transport,Beijing 100020,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学水利工程智能建设与运维全国重点实验室,天津300072 [2]海洋岸线生态修复与智慧海洋监测河北省工程研究中心,河北秦皇岛066010 [3]交通运输部规划研究院,北京100020

出　　处：《海洋工程》2024年第5期165-177,共13页The Ocean Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52109097,51979185);海洋岸线生态修复与智慧海洋监测河北省工程研究中心开放课题(HBMESO2301)。

摘　　要：围垦养殖对河口海岸的水动力和水环境带来了潜在危害,因此,在围垦区逐渐开始实施退养还滩工程以修复河口的水动力环境。但是,目前对于退养还滩工程引起的水动力变化还缺少完善的评价和研究。以滦河口退养还滩工程为研究对象,构建二维水动力数值模型,从水动力场、纳潮能力和行洪能力三个方面研究还滩工程对滦河口径潮作用特征的影响。结果表明:滦河口退养还滩工程区域面积约300 hm^(2),河口断面扩宽造成了河口内水动力条件的变化。径流动力明显减弱,洪季河道内下泄流速最大降幅约为61.82%;潮流动力显著增强,枯季时潮流上溯流速增加0.25 m/s;径潮作用平衡位置向上游移动。河口纳潮能力显著增强,枯季大潮期间涨潮历时延长了12.5%,涨潮周期纳潮通量增长了219.8%。河口行洪能力明显提高,河道内洪季最大水面降幅达45.8%,水力坡度逐渐减缓,主动力轴线流速明显降低。退养还滩工程有利于河口的防洪御潮及生态环境改善,建议进一步加大实施力度。Reclamation and aquaculture activities have brought potential harm to the hydrodynamics and aquatic environment of the estuarine coast.Therefore,the gradual implementation of the restoration from aquaculture to tidal flats projects in reclaimed areas has begun to repair the hydrodynamic environment of the estuary.However,there is currently a lack of comprehensive evaluation and research on the hydrodynamic changes caused by restoration from aquaculture to tidal flat projects.Taking the restoration from aquaculture to tidal flats project in the Luanhe Estuary as the background,this study constructed a two-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical model to investigate the influence of the restoration project on the runoff-tide interaction of the Luanhe Estuary from the aspects of hydrodynamic field,tidal prism capacity,and flood discharge capacity.The results show that the area of the restoration from aquaculture to tidal flats project is about 300 hm^(2),and the widening of the estuary cross-section has led to changes in the hydrodynamic conditions within the estuary.The river flow dynamics are significantly weakened,with the maximum reduction of the downstream flow velocity during the flood season reaching about 61.82%;the tidal current dynamics are significantly strengthened,with the upstream tidal flow velocity increasing by 0.25 m/s during the dry season,and the balance position of river-tide interaction moving upstream.The tidal prism capacity of the estuary is significantly enhanced,with the duration of the flood tide during the dry season large tide extended by 12.5%,and the tidal prism flux during the flood tide period increased by 219.8%.The flood discharge capacity of the estuary is significantly improved,with the maximum water surface drop during the flood season in the river channel reduced by 45.8%,the hydraulic gradient gradually reduced,and the main driving axis flow velocity significantly reduced.The restoration from aquaculture to tidal flats project is beneficial to the flood control,tide resistance,and

关 键 词：滦河口 退养还滩 水动力场 纳潮量 行洪能力 

分 类 号：P753[交通运输工程—港口、海岸及近海工程] TV148[天文地球—海洋科学]