深海水力射流对深海沉积物底质的冲蚀特性研究  

Investigation of erosion characteristics of deep-sea hydraulic jets on deep-sea sediment substrates

作　　者：严加豪 刘茜茜 高兴政 刘学麟 王华鹏 陈旭光 YAN Jiahao;LIU Xixi;GAO Xingzheng;LIU Xuelin;WANG Huapeng;CHEN Xuguang(Engineering College,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学工程学院,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《海洋工程》2024年第5期191-206,共16页The Ocean Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(U1906234);国家杰出青年科学基金资助项目(52225107);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资助项目(202041004);国家重点研发计划课题资助项目(2021YFC2801503)。

摘　　要：康达式射流作为深海采矿集矿方法之一已被广泛接受,但现有研究均较少关注结核的剥离及沉积物扰动特性,导致无法准确评估康达式流场下结核的开采效果及其对深海环境的影响。研究分析不同参数下康达式射流冲蚀开采结核及海床的扰动特性,并进行开采参数优化。研究结果表明:射流集矿作用下,海床受扰动后形成不规则椭圆形冲蚀坑;冲蚀坑深度与射流流速、射流角度呈正相关,随附壁板曲率半径的增大先增大后减小,最佳附壁板曲率半径为100 mm;当射流流速低于5 m/s时,考虑提升效率,射流角度优选55°,当射流流速高于(含)5 m/s时,考虑低扰动要求,射流角度优选45°,最佳开采参数组合为射流流速为5 m/s,射流角度为45°,附壁板曲率半径为100 mm。建立了深海水力集矿射流扰动深度的预测公式,为实际深海水力开采装置低扰动优化设计提供参考。As one of the deep-sea mining collection methods,the Coandă-effect jet has been widely accepted,but existing studies have paid little attention to the detachment of nodules and sediment disturbance characteristics,resulting in an inability to accurately evaluate the mining effects of nodules under Coandă-effect flow fields and their impact on the deep-sea environment.This study analyzed the characteristics of Coandă-effect jet erosion mining of nodules and seabed disturbance under different parameters,and optimized the mining parameters.The results show that under the jet mining action,the seabed forms an irregular elliptical erosion pit after disturbance;the erosion pit depth is positively correlated with the jet velocity and jet angle,and it first increases and then decreases with the increase of curvature radius of the attached wall plate,with the optimal curvature radius of the attached wall plate is being 100 mm;when the jet velocity is less than 5 m/s,considering the lifting efficiency,the optimal jet angle is 55°,and when the jet velocity is higher than or equal to 5 m/s,considering the low disturbance requirement,the optimal jet angle is 45°,the best mining parameter combination is jet velocity of 5 m/s,jet angle of 45°,and attached wall plate curvature radius of 100 mm.a predictive formula for the disturbance depth of deep-sea hydraulic mining jets has been established,providing a reference for the low-disturbance optimization design of actual deep-sea hydraulic mining equipment.

关 键 词：深海采矿 多金属结核 射流开采 参数优化 

分 类 号：P751[交通运输工程—港口、海岸及近海工程]