故宫古建筑油饰技艺中的传统材料研究  

Study of Traditional Materials of Oil Ornament Works for Ancient Buildings in the Forbidden City

作　　者：周乾[1] ZHOU Qian(Institute of Gugong Studies,Palace Museum,Beijing 100009,China)

机构地区：[1]故宫博物院故宫学研究所,北京100009

出　　处：《施工技术（中英文）》2024年第17期107-114,共8页Construction Technology

基　　金：故宫博物院英才计划:万科公益基金会专项经费。

摘　　要：为更好地保护故宫古建筑,基于现场调查与分析论证相结合的方法,以油饰技艺中的传统材料为研究对象,即油饰技艺中地仗层之桐油、猪血、麻、砖灰、面粉,油皮层之光油,贴金层之黄金进行分析,讨论其运用方式和主要科学机理。结果表明:桐油、猪血、麻、面粉均有较好的胶结或拉接性能,有利于提升地仗层的防菌、防潮、防裂等性能;砖灰是地仗层的填充料,有利于与灰油等黏结材料进行调和;光油为油皮层黏结材料,且为贴金层用金胶油的主要材料;黄金以金箔的形式,用于贴金面层,使古建筑呈现金碧辉煌的视觉效果。上述传统材料在油饰技艺中的科学运用,体现了我国古代工匠卓越的建筑智慧。To effectively protect ancient buildings in the Forbidden City,based on spot investigation as well as analytic demonstration,scientific utilization of traditional materials for oil ornament works are studied,that is tung oil,pig blood,hemp,brick dust,flour and so on,brighter oil for oil surface layer,as well as gold for gild layer are also discussed.Results show that tung oil,pig blood,hemp,flour have good cementing or connecting performances.Brick dust is used as filling material,which is easy to be blended with bonding material such as ash oil.Brighter oil has good gluing performance for oil surface layer as well as gild layer.Gold is usually treated as foil shape for gild layer,which makes the ancient building in the Forbidden City brilliant.Scientific utilization of traditional materials of oil ornament works reflects the architectural wisdom of Chinese ancient craftsmen.

关 键 词：故宫 古建筑 油饰技艺 传统材料 施工技术 

分 类 号：TU7[建筑科学—建筑技术科学] K876[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]