不同岩性高压水射流切缝机理研究  

Mechanism of High-pressure Water Jet Cutting in Different Lithology

作　　者：宋常杰 许弘毅 龚秋明[1] 杨风威 曹智国 SONG Changjie;XU Hongyi;GONG Qiuming;YANG Fengwei;CAO Zhiguo(Key Laboratory of Urban Security and Disaster Engineering of China Ministry of Education,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China;School of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Nanyang Technological University,639798,Singapore;Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou,Henan 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学城市与工程安全减灾教育部重点实验室,北京100124 [2]南洋理工大学土木与环境工程学院,新加坡639798 [3]黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《施工技术（中英文）》2024年第18期134-140,共7页Construction Technology

基　　金：水利部重大科技项目(SKR-2022029)。

摘　　要：硬岩掘进机在高强度岩体中存在掘进速度低、滚刀磨损快等问题,高压水射流可在掌子面切缝以降低岩体完整性,从而提升滚刀破岩性能,探究高压水射流切割岩石机理是研究高压水射流辅助TBM掘进的重要一环。运用高压水射流数控平台分别对砂岩、大理岩和花岗岩进行了高压水射流切割试验,射流压力从150MPa增至300MPa。通过观察岩石表观损伤、测量切缝深度与宽度获得岩石宏观破坏特征,发现在高压水射流作用下砂岩表面主要以笔直切缝为主,大理岩表面产生连续破碎带,花岗岩表面则产生较大破碎坑,但破碎坑数量明显较少。通过破岩碎屑的筛分试验及射流切槽周边荧光裂纹显现分析岩石损伤特征,发现砂岩切缝形成主要以射流的侵蚀作用为主,颗粒间的胶结物被冲刷剥落,高压水射流的冲击作用不明显,切缝横截面处未发现微裂纹。2种强度更高的结晶岩同时受到高压水射流的侵蚀作用与冲击作用影响,大理岩主要发生穿晶破坏形成“长颈漏斗”形切槽,花岗岩则在水楔作用影响下发生更多沿晶破坏,最终形成较大破碎坑。Tunnel boring machine(TBM)has the problems of low advance rate and severe cutter wear when tunnelling in the high-strength rock mass.High-pressure water jet(HPWJ)can create kerfs on the tunnelling face to reduce the integrity of the rock mass and improve the rock breaking performance of TBM cutters.Therefore,investigating the rock cutting mechanism of HPWJ is one of the key issues of studying HPWJ-assisted TBM tunnelling.A computer numerical control HPWJ platform was used to carry out cutting tests on the sandstone,marble,and granite specimens.The water jet pressure increased from 150MPa to 300MPa.By observing the apparent damage on the specimens and measuring the depth and width of the kerfs,it was found that the kerfs on the sandstone surface were mainly straight,whereas continuous craters were found on the marble surface.Although the craters on the granite surface were larger,but the number significantly reduced.Based on the sieving tests of rock breaking debris and the observation of cracks around the kerf cross sections with fluorescent dyes,the damage characteristics of the rocks were analyzed.The results indicated that the formation of the kerfs on the sandstone was mainly due to the erosion of HPWJ,the cementation between the grains was broken.The effect of HPWJ impact was not obvious,no cracks were observed around the kerf cross sections.Two other crystalline rocks with higher strength were influenced by the erosion and impact of HPWJ,trans-granular failures in the marble caused the necked-funnel shaped kerfs,while more inter-granular failures caused by the water wedge effect created large craters on the granite.

关 键 词：破岩 试验 高压水射流 切缝 破岩机理 

分 类 号：U455.31[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]