基于SWAT模型的城市化土地利用及景观格局变化的水文效应研究  

Research on hydrological effects of urbanization land use and landscape pattern changes based on SWAT model

作　　者：吴子璇 WU Zixuan(Institute of Surveying and Mapping Standardization,MNR,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部测绘标准化研究所,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《测绘标准化》2024年第3期77-84,共8页Standardization of Surveying and Mapping

摘　　要：城市化的迅速发展导致土地利用类型发生显著改变,进而引发了一系列水文环境问题。本文基于2000年和2015年土地利用数据,构建SWAT分布式水文模型,探究北江流域(珠江的支流)土地利用变化和景观格局演变所导致的水文效应差异。研究表明:1)2000—2015年北江流域城市建设用地面积持续增加,林地和耕地面积呈减少趋势;2)土地利用变化对水文过程的年际影响主要表现为城市用地扩张导致了地表径流量、蒸散发量增加以及其土壤水含量和侧流量的降低,年内影响主要表现为地表径流量和蒸散发量增加以及土壤水含量和侧流量降低,并呈现显著季节性差异;3)2000—2015年北江流域土地利用类型及景观格局趋于破碎,景观异质性增加,导致地表径流量的增加。这些问题可以通过增加景观类型的聚集程度及优势度,降低城市用地面积扩张导致地表径流量增加所带来的危害。The rapid development of urbanization has led to significant changes in land use types,which in turn triggered a series of hydrological and environmental issues.Based on 2000 and 2015 land use data,this paper developed a SWAT distributed hydrological model to explore the difference in hydrological effects caused by land use changes and landscape pattern evolution in the Beijiang River Basin(a tributary of the Pearl River Basin).Research shows that:a)The area of urban construc‐tion land in the Beijiang River Basin continued to increase from 2000 to 2015,and the area of woodland and arable land showed a decreasing trend.b)The inter-annual impact of land use change on hydrological processes is mainly manifested in the expansion of urban land use,which has led to an increase in surface runoff and evapotranspiration,as well as a decrease in soil water content and lateral water flow.The impact during the year is mainly reflected in the significant seasonal differences in the increase in surface runoff and evapotranspiration,as well as the decrease in soil water content and lateral water flow.c)From 2000 to 2015,the land use types and landscape patterns in the Beijiang River Basin tended to be fragmented,and the heterogeneity of the landscape increased,leading to an increase in surface runoff.Our research believes that by increasing the degree of aggregation and superiority of landscape types,the harm caused by the increase in surface runoff caused by the expan‐sion of urban land area can be reduced.

关 键 词：北江流域 SWAT模型 景观指数 水文效应 

分 类 号：P901[天文地球—自然地理学]