预防性限流在肱动脉-头静脉内瘘中的应用  

Application of prophylactic flow restriction in brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistulas

作　　者：王珏 郑烜 朱亚瑾 祝国宁 陆明晰[2] WANG Jue;ZHENG Xuan;ZHU Yajin;ZHU Guoning;LU Mingxi(Department of Nephrology,Longyou County People’s Hospital,Quzhou 324400,Zhejiang Province,China;Department of Nephrology,Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine,Hangzhou 310016,China)

机构地区：[1]龙游县人民医院肾内科,浙江衢州324400 [2]浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院肾内科,浙江杭州310016

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（医学版）》2024年第5期623-631,共9页Journal of Zhejiang University(Medical Sciences)

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金(GF21H050014)。

摘　　要：目的:观察血液透析患者肱动脉-头静脉内瘘术中使用预防性限流环对术后高流量相关并发症以及通畅率的影响。方法:回顾性收集2017年2月至2022年5月在浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院肾内科接受治疗的所有因终末期肾病血液透析建立肱动脉-头静脉内瘘的患者资料。其中43例在术中使用血管缝线于吻合口近旁的静脉上套一个4~5 mm的线圈作为限流环(限流组),42例未使用上述限流环(对照组)。两组患者均随访1~5年。比较两组血透通路相关性肢端缺血综合征、动静脉内瘘动脉瘤、血栓、流量过高的充血性心力衰竭、吻合口旁1 cm内静脉狭窄、头静脉弓狭窄等并发症的发生率,动静脉内瘘自然血流量,吻合口内径,吻合口附近静脉血管内径以及内瘘的初级通畅率、辅助初级通畅率和次级通畅率等。采用Logistic回归分析动静脉内瘘通畅率的影响因素以及限流环对术后各因素的影响。结果:超声结果显示,限流组术后3个月限流环部位的血管内径为(3.7±0.6)mm,小于同期对照组吻合口旁静脉最小部位的内径(4.1±1.0)mm,差异有统计学意义(t=-2.416,P<0.01)。与对照组比较,限流组术后各种并发症的发生率均降低(均P<0.05),动静脉内瘘自然血流量、吻合口内径均减少(均P<0.05);术后6、12、24个月时初级通畅率和辅助初级通畅率均增加(均P<0.05),但次级通畅率无明显差异(P>0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、糖尿病、术后3个月动静脉内瘘自然血流量是初级通畅率的独立危险因素,术中使用限流环是初级通畅率的独立保护因素(P<0.01或P<0.05);使用限流环与6、12个月吻合口内径、动静脉内瘘自然血流量以及与头静脉弓狭窄、动脉瘤的发生率呈负相关(均P<0.05)。结论:在肱动脉-头静脉内瘘术中使用预防性限流环可以限制吻合口径和术后动静脉内瘘血流量,减少头静脉弓狭窄、高血流量�Objective:To investigate the effects of prophylactic flow restriction for brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula on postoperative high-flow-related complications and patency rate in patients undergoing hemodialysis.Methods:Clinical data of patients with end-stage renal disease who underwent brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula surgery for hemodialysis from February 2017 to May 2022 in Department of Nephrology,Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine were retrospectively analyzed.During surgery,a 4-5 mm vascular suture loop was placed around the vein near the anastomosis as a flow restriction device in 43 patients(flow restriction group),while 42 patients did not receive the prophylactic flow restriction ring(control group).All patients were followed up for 1 to 5 years.The incidence rates of complications related to the hemodialysis access pathway,including distal ischemia syndrome,the formation of arteriovenous fistula aneurysms,thrombus,high-flow congestive heart failure,anastomosis of the vein within 1 cm of the anastomosis and cephalic arch stenosis,were compared between the two groups.The natural blood flow rate of the arteriovenous fistula,anastomosis size,the internal diameter of the vein near the anastomosis,primary patency rate,assisted primary patency rate,and secondary patency rate of the arteriovenous fistula,were also evaluated and compared between the two groups.Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the factors affecting arteriovenous fistula patency rates,as well as the impact of the flow-restricting ring on postoperative factors.Results:Ultrasound measurements showed that the internal diameter of the vein at the site of the flow restriction ring in the flow restriction group was(3.7±0.6)mm at three months postoperatively,which was significantly smaller than the internal diameter of the narrowest part of the vein near the anastomosis in the control group[(4.1±1.0)mm,t=-2.416,P<0.01].The postoperative anastomotic diameter and natural blood flow rate of the ar

关 键 词：肱动脉-头静脉内瘘 限流环 并发症 狭窄 通畅率 

分 类 号：R459.9[医药卫生—治疗学]