基于元胞自动机的文体馆人员疏散仿真  

Simulation of personnel evacuation in a gymnasium based on cellular automata

作　　者：谢尊贤[1,2] 杨欣琪 张李慧 张枭雄 叶妮 XIE Zunxian;YANG Yinqi;ZHANG Lihui;ZHANG Xiaoxiong;YE Ni(Resource Engineering College,Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi'an 710055,China;Institute of Higher Education,Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi'an 710055,China)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学资源工程学院,陕西西安710055 [2]西安建筑科技大学高教研究所,陕西西安710055

出　　处：《华北科技学院学报》2024年第5期78-83,共6页Journal of North China Institute of Science and Technology

基　　金：陕西省哲学社会科学重大理论与现实问题研究项目(2022ND0438)。

摘　　要：为研究封闭环境火情下人员疏散行为,提高文体馆内人员疏散效率,文章以西安某文体馆火灾疏散为例,基于元胞自动机模型,根据环境熟悉度将人员进行分类,引入随机运动,跟随运动,墙壁指示运动,通过matlab进行仿真模拟,研究了环境熟悉度、不熟悉环境人员占比和场景等因素对人员疏散时间的影响。结果表明,当不熟悉环境人员占比较小时,人员向出口移动,容易在出口附近聚集;当不熟悉环境人员占比较大时,则容易向两侧墙壁移动,造成出口利用率降低;当人数一定时,不熟悉环境人员占比约为60%时,疏散时间相对较少;相对于出口横向摆放设施易使人们在疏散时聚集,导致不熟悉环境人员盲目跟随,设施纵向摆放时,疏散时间平均降低9.3%,更易于人员应急疏散。To study the evacuation behavior of people in a closed-environment fire situation and improve the evacuation efficiency of people in a gymnasium,this article takes the fire evacuation of a gymnasium in Xi'an as an example.Based on the cellular automaton model,people are classified according to their familiarity with the environment,and random movement,following movement,and wall-guided movement are introduced.MATLAB is used for simulation to study the impact of factors such as environmental familiarity,the proportion of people unfamiliar with the environment,and the scene on the evacuation time of people.The results show that when the proportion of people unfamiliar with the environment is small,people tend to move towards the exit and easily gather near the exit;when the proportion of people unfamiliar with the environment is large,they tend to move towards the side walls,resulting in a decrease in the utilization rate of the exit;when the number of people is fixed,the evacuation time is relatively less when the proportion of people unfamiliar with the environment is about 60%;compared with the horizontal placement of facilities at the exit,it is easy for people to gather during evacuation,leading to blind following by people unfamiliar with the environment.When facilities are placed vertically,the average evacuation time is reduced by 9.3%,which is more conducive to emergency evacuation of people.

关 键 词：火情 人员疏散 文体馆 元胞自动机 仿真 

分 类 号：TP332[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构]