中国家庭政策建构:理论逻辑、现实需求与优化策略  

Developing Family Policies in China:Theoretical Logic,Practical Needs and Optimization Strategies

作　　者：张浩淼[1] 谭洪 Zhang Haomiao;Tan Hong(Sichuan University,Chengdu 610064,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学公共管理学院,四川成都610064

出　　处：《学术论坛》2024年第4期12-27,共16页Academic Forum

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“全面建成小康社会背景下相对贫困治理的实现路径研究”(22&ZD060)。

摘　　要：家庭政策的建构是现代化转型所需作出的时代性选择,对福利供给的实现、社会治理效能的发挥、宏观人口结构的调适以及人力资本存量的增加具有重要作用。家庭政策的建构难以一蹴而就,需根植于对既有家庭相关政策的深度整合、问题解决方案的持续优化以及需求形势的科学把握。因为“家庭化”与“去家庭化”的多维博弈,中国并未形成严格意义上的整体性家庭政策,仅形成了依托于生育政策、儿童照料保护政策、妇女权益保障政策、老年人权益保障政策以及针对低收入家庭的福利政策为代表的广义家庭政策,其实质是家庭相关政策的多重叠加,存在附属性、碎片化和补缺性等结构性问题,因其无力应对少子化和老龄化加剧、女性工作家庭冲突、家庭规模结构变迁等现实形势所产生的新需求,形成了政策供需失衡的局面。在实现中国式现代化的进程中,要抓住家庭政策内容、机制、要素等关键领域,通过健全覆盖家庭全生命周期政策支持体系、重点强化家庭政策常态化运行机制与全面激活家庭政策运行要素等优化策略,逐步建构严格意义上的整体性家庭政策。Developing family policies is a choice of the times during the transformation towards modernization.It plays a significant role in delivering welfare benefits,improving efficiency of social governance,regulating macro population structure,and increasing the human capital stock.Family poli-cies cannot be established overnight.They should be developed based on the deep integration of existing family-related policies,continuous optimization of solutions to the issues,and a sound understanding of demand trends.Due to the multi-dimensional game between"familialization"and"de-familialization",China has not established an integrated family policy in a strict sense.Instead,it has only developed family policies in a broad sense represented by its childbearing policy,child care and protection policy,policies to protect women's rights and interests,those to protect the rights and interests of the elderly,as well as the welfare policies for low-income families.Essentially,these represent the combinations of mul-tiple family-related policies and face structural problems such as being subordinated,fragmented,and complementary.They fail to satisfy new demands in the reality such as a low fertility rate and increasing aging population,work-family conflict for women,and changes in family size and structure,leading to a severe imbalance between policy supply and demand.In the process of achieving Chinese modernization,it is imperative to focus on key areas such as the contents,mechanisms,and elements of family policy.Efforts should be made to establish optimization strategies such as improving a policy support system covering the full-life circle of the family,strengthening regular operation mechanisms of family policies,and activating operational elements of family policies so as to gradually establish an integrated family policy in a strict sense.

关 键 词：少子老龄化 人口均衡 家庭政策 家庭功能 高质量发展 

分 类 号：D669.6[政治法律—政治学]