人口老龄化背景下农业社会化服务提升粮食生产效能的机理与路径  

Mechanisms and Pathways for Enhancing Grain Production Efficiency Through Commercial Agricultural Services in the Context of Population Aging

作　　者：何志婵 陈新建 He Zhichan;Chen Xinjian(Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学经济学院,广西南宁530004 [2]广西财政厅财政科学研究所,广西南宁530004

出　　处：《学术论坛》2024年第4期114-124,共11页Academic Forum

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“小农户多样化种植行为的形成机理、福利效应与政策供给”(72063002)。

摘　　要：农业社会化服务是解决农村人口老龄化背景下“谁来种粮、谁来种地”问题的关键,也是保障国家粮食安全、推进乡村振兴和实现农业农村现代化的重要力量。不断加快的农村人口老龄化,使粮食生产面临劳动力不足和效能提升乏力的现实困境,但同时也给农业社会化服务带来了巨大市场需求。农业社会化服务实现粮食生产效能提升的逻辑机理在于社会化服务对老龄化劳动的要素替代以及对土地、科技、资本要素的优化配置,从而提升粮食生产能力;通过进一步的分工深化、促进农地集聚和产业协同融合,从而提升粮食生产的效率效益。但是,在提升粮食生产效能过程中,农业社会化服务仍然面临服务供给能力不足、服务的供需衔接不畅、成本收益率低、资金和人才缺乏、农户对土地仍存养老依赖等现实短板。为此,应强化粮食生产类农业社会化服务主体建设、促进粮食生产服务供需两端的有效衔接、推进社会化服务的产业化经营、探索粮食生产与农村养老融合的功能属性以及加强政策支持和科技支撑。从现实国情农情出发补齐服务短板,打造粮食生产的社会服务生产力,进而持续提升粮食生产效能。Commercial agricultural services are essential for addressing the issues concerning the shortage of grain growers and farmers in the context of rural population aging.They are also crucial for ensuring national food security,advancing rural revitalization,and realizing the modernization of agricul-ture and rural areas.The accelerating rural population aging brings real challenges such as labor shortage and slow efficiency improvement for grain production.However,it also creates huge market demands for commercial agricultural services.The logic mechanism of commercial agricultural services for enhancing grain production efficiency lies in that they can substitute the aging labor forces and optimize the allocation of land,science and technology,and capital resources,thus resulting in improving the grain production capacity.In addition,further division of work will deepen and promote the agglomeration of farmland and collaborative industrial integration and thus contribute to improving the efficiency and effectiveness of grain production.Nevertheless,commercial agricultural services still face practical shortcomings such as undersupply of services,mismatch between service supply and demand,low cost-benefit ratio,lack of funding and talents,and rural households remaining dependent on the farmland in their elderly care in the process of enhancing grain production efficiency.Therefore,it is imperative to strengthen capacity building of the commercial services providers for grain production,promote effective matching between supply and demand of grain production services,boost industrialized operation of commercial services,explore the integration of grain production and rural elderly care,and strengthen policy support as well as scientific and technological support.Efforts should be made to address such weak links based on the current national and agricultural conditions and improve the productivity of commercial services for grain production so as to continuously enhance the grain production efficiency.

关 键 词：老龄化 社会化服务 粮食生产 效能提升 服务生产力 

分 类 号：F325.2[经济管理—产业经济]