1971—2023年广西冰雹日数和范围的气候特征分析  

Climatic characteristics of hail days and ranges in Guangxi from 1971 to 2023

作　　者：张惠景 秦川 ZHANG Huijing;QIN Chuan(Guangxi Meteorological Observatory,Nanning 530022,China;Guangxi Climate Center,Nanning 530022,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区气象台,南宁530022 [2]广西壮族自治区气候中心,南宁530022

出　　处：《气象研究与应用》2024年第3期63-68,共6页Journal of Meteorological Research and Application

基　　金：广西自然科学基金(2020GXNSFAA297122);广西气象科研计划项目(桂气科2023ZL04)。

摘　　要：利用广西88个国家气象观测站1971—2023年逐日冰雹观测资料,采用线性趋势、低通滤波、小波分析等方法,分析广西冰雹日数和范围的变化特征,定义广西冰雹过程及综合指数,综合评价冰雹过程的持续时间和影响范围。结果表明:(1)1971—2023年,广西年冰雹日数和冰雹站数均呈显著减少趋势,春、冬季冰雹日数和冰雹站数呈减少趋势,夏、秋季呈增加趋势。(2)广西年冰雹日数和冰雹站数阶段性变化特征明显,在20世纪70年代先降后升,20世纪80年代至21世纪00年代波动下降,21世纪10年代后有所回升。年代际尺度上,冰雹日数存在12~16 a的变化周期,冰雹站数存在10~16 a和16~20 a的变化周期。(3)广西冰雹过程综合指数排在前十位的过程有6次发生在20世纪70年代至80年代,20世纪90年代有1次,其余3次发生在21世纪10年代后。Based on the daily hail observation data from 88 national meteorological stations in Guangxi from 1971 to 2023,linear trend,low-pass filtering and wavelet analysis are used to analyze the variation characteristics of hail days and ranges in Guangxi.The hail process and hail comprehensive index are defined in Guangxi,and the duration and influence range of hail process are comprehensively evaluated.The results show that:(1)from 1971 to 2023,the annual number of hail days and the number of hail stations in Guangxi show a significant decreasing trend.The number of hail days and hail stations decrease in spring and winter,but increase in summer and autumn.(2)The annual number of hailstorm days and the number of hailstorm stations in Guangxi have obvious characteristics of periodic change,which first decrease and then increase in the 1970s,fluctuate from the 1980s to the 2000s,and then rebound after the 2010s.On the interdecadal scale,the number of hail days has a variation cycle of 12 to 16 years,and the number of hail stations has a variation cycle of 10 to 16 years and 16 to 20 years,respectively.(3)Six of the top ten hail processes in the hail comprehensive index in Guangxi occur in the 1970s to the 1980s,one in the 1990s,and the other three after the 2010s.

关 键 词：冰雹日数 冰雹范围 气候特征 冰雹过程综合指数 

分 类 号：P463[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]