漓江峰丛片区高位岩溶洼地洪涝水文过程及有效治理  

Flood hydrological process and its effective control measures in the high-altitude depressions of peak-cluster areas in Lijiang River

作　　者：普政功 黄奇波[1,2] 吴华英 李腾芳[1,2] 邹昌霈 廖红为 PU Zhenggong;HUANG Qibo;WU Huaying;LI Tengfang;ZOU Changpei;LIAO Hongwei(Institute of Karst Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China;Pingguo Guangxi,Karst Ecosystem,National Observation and Research Station,Pingguo 531406,Guangxi,China;China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/自然资源部、广西岩溶动力学重点实验室/联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心,广西桂林541004 [2]广西平果喀斯特生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,广西平果531406 [3]中国地质大学(北京),北京100083

出　　处：《中国岩溶》2024年第4期831-842,共12页Carsologica Sinica

基　　金：广西科技计划项目“漓江喀斯特自然遗产地植物资源保育与景观功能提升技术及应用”-喀斯特峰丛区水土过程调控与空间优化及适宜产业试验示范课题(AB22080057-2);中国自然科学面上项目(42372294);中国地质调查项目(DD20221758)。

摘　　要：漓江峰丛片区高位岩溶洼地洪涝频发,严重影响该地区农村经济发展和自然景观资源开发与保护。本研究选择在漓江峰丛片区暗嵅高位洼地开展洪涝水循环过程研究,对洼地内主要消水口(A01、A03落水洞)进行扩宽和疏通,加大过水能力,使洪涝水害得到有效治理。结果表明:洼地积水成涝对降雨响应迅速,降雨结束后,12~24 h内洼地积水深度就能达到最大,日降雨量超过50 mm或72 h累计降雨量超过90 mm,洼地就容易积水成涝。2023年4-7月共造成了8次洪涝灾害,洪涝总时长达417.5 h(18.6 d)。鱼嵅地下河出口排泄量达到大气降雨补给量的77.77%和87.32%,为暗嵅洼地地下水总排泄口,主要通过中部A01、A02、A03、A044个消水洞排水,4个消水洞不同的消水速度造成了出口流量的4个峰值。A01消水洞水力坡度小,下部管道受方解石矿渣堵塞,消水速度较慢,现仅对A01洞口进行整治,未能有效解决洼地洪涝问题。A03、A04消水洞位于方解石脉矿的南侧,未受到方解石尾矿渣的影响,岩溶管道过水通畅。通过疏通A04消水洞,并将南侧古蚕洼地的洪流引至A03消水洞,缩短洪涝时间66.71 h(2.8 d)。因此,修建好南部排水沟系统,使南部古蚕洼地的水全部通过A03、A04消水洞快速向鱼嵅地下河出口排泄,是进一步减轻暗嵅洼地洪涝受灾程度的重要措施。With a length of 83 km and an area of about 624 km2,the high-altitude karst depressions in peak-cluster areas are mainly distributed in the middle reaches of the Lijiang River from Daxu town to Yangshuo county,Guilin.There are thousands of depressions in this area,with sufficient nutrients in soil.Large depressions with flat terrain are concentrated with villages,but land resources are scarce.The frequent alternation of droughts and floods has seriously affected not only the local economic development and rural revitalization but also the improvement of landscape resources,which is the main bottleneck restricting the development and protection of natural landscape resources in these depressions.Previous studies mainly focused on the geomorphological origins and geological structures of depressions,but there is little research on the flood formation conditions and hydrological processes.In this study,the Andang depression in the peak-cluster area of Lijiang River basin was selected as a study area in the analysis of flood water cycle,About 3.5 km away from the Lijiang river,the study area is located on the west bank of the Lijiang River,with a catchment area of 2.3 km2.Rainfall mainly recharges the karst underground river channels through A01,A02,A03 and A04 sinkholes in north-south alignment in the central part of the depression,then discharges to the surface at Guanyan village on the west bank of the Lijiang river,and finally flows into the Lijiang River.The elevation of the Andang depression(150 m)is higher than that of the Lijiang river(130 m).A calcite vein about 20 m wide developed in the middle of the depression was mined in the early years.The slag was piled up in Sinkhole A01,resulting in the blockage of underground channels and limited water discharge capacity.Consequently,floods are likely to occur due to the poor drainage system when it rains heavily.With flooding depths of 3-10 m,floods take place 3 or 4 times every year in the depressions,lasting 5-10 days each time,even one month for the longest.A l

关 键 词：漓江峰丛片区 岩溶洼地 岩溶洪涝 水文过程 洪涝治理 

分 类 号：P333.2[天文地球—水文科学]