黔中岩溶区地下水水化学来源特征及其影响因素  

Source characteristics and influencing factors of groundwater hydrochemistry in the karst areas of central Guizhou

作　　者：江峰 吉勤克补子 曹建文[3,4] 王若帆 赵良杰[3,4] JIANG Feng;JIQIN Kebuzi;CAO Jianwen;WANG Ruofan;ZHAO Liangjie(114 Geological Brigade of Guizhou Geological and Mining Bureau,Zunyi,Guizhou 563000,China;Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment of Ministry of Education,College of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China;Institute of Karst Geology,CAGS/Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics,MNR&GZAR/International Research Center on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China;Karst Water Resources and Environment Academician Workstation of Guizhou Province,Zunyi Guizhou 563000,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省地质矿产勘查开发局114地质大队,贵州遵义563000 [2]喀斯特地质资源与环境教育部重点实验室,贵州大学资源与环境工程学院,贵州贵阳550025 [3]中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/自然资源部、广西岩溶动力学重点实验室/联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心,广西桂林541000 [4]岩溶水资源与环境贵州省院士工作站,贵州遵义563000

出　　处：《中国岩溶》2024年第4期889-899,共11页Carsologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3705001-05);贵州省重大科技成果转化项目(黔科合成果[2023]重大006);贵州省地质勘查基金项目(DKJJ2021-01号)以及贵州省地矿局科研项目([2022]2号)联合资助;岩溶水资源与环境贵州省院士工作站(黔科合平台KXJZ[2024]005);贵州省地质矿产勘查开发局地质科研项目(黔地矿科合(2024)16号)。

摘　　要：文章基于区域水文地质、环境地质调查成果,对黔中岩溶区43个地下水点进行了枯水期和丰水期水样采集测试,利用地球化学图解及主成分分析(PCA)法,探讨该区枯水期和丰水期岩溶地下水水化学特征、离子来源及其影响因素。结果表明,该区地下水枯水期和丰水期的水化学特征及影响因素一致,水化学类型均以HCO_(3)(SO4)-Ca(Mg)为主,吉布斯图解分析表明研究区岩溶地下水为岩石风化型,水化学组成主要来源于岩石风化淋滤溶解;[(Ca+Mg)/HCO_(3)]-[SO4/HCO_(3)]图解分析认为研究区可溶性碳酸盐岩主要受碳酸的风化侵蚀作用控制,局部样品受石膏溶解影响显著;丰水期地下水主成分主要受水岩作用过程(PC1)、人类活动(PC2)及工业生产(PC3)等3类因素影响,这三个影响因素能够解释丰水期地下水水化学组分83.7%的特征;枯水期地下水主要受水岩作用过程(PC1*)和人类活动(PC2*)影响,这二类综合因子能够解释枯水期地下水化学组分85.1%的特征。水岩作用过程是该区地下水水化学组分最主要的影响因素。水岩作用主要影响K^(+)、Na^(+)、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、HCO_(3)-、TP、F^(-)、SiO_(2)等8项水质指标,人类活动主要影响NH_(4)^(+)、CODMn及Cl^(-)等3项水质指标,而磷矿开采主要影响SO_(4)^(2-)。研究成果深化了对黔中地区岩溶地下水水化学特征的认识,揭示了地下水离子组分来源及影响因素,研究成果对黔中岩溶区地下水资源的合理开发利用与保护具有积极的指导意义。Based on the results of regional hydrogeological and environmental geological surveys,this study conducted comprehensive water sampling and testing at 43 groundwater points across the karst areas of central Guizhou during the dry and wet seasons.The study utilized three widely-used geochemical diagrams−Piper trilinear plots,Gibbs diagrams,and ion ratio diagrams(including relationships like HCO^(-)_(3)(Mg^(2+))/Ca^(2+)and[SO^(2-)_(4)/HCO^(-)_(3)]-[Ca^(2+)+Mg^(2+)]/HCO) to identify the sources and characteristics of hydrochemical indicators of groundwater in the karst areas of central Guizhou.In addition to these geochemical methods,principal component analysis(PCA)was performed separately on the results of water quality tests completed from the dry and wet seasons to further clarify and verify the characteristics of groundwater sources during these two seasons,and to pinpoint specific water quality indicators influenced by various environment and human factors in the karst areas.The research findings reveal that the hydrochemical characteristics and influencing factors of groundwater in the study area are relatively consistent during the dry and wet seasons.Hydrochemical types of groundwater in this area is predominantly characterized by HCO_(3)(SO_(4))-Ca(Mg).The Gibbs diagrams show that the groundwater chemistry across the study area aligns closely with the rock weathering type,with only minor deviations of a single mine water sample(H6).A comprehensive analysis using Gibbs diagrams confirms that karst groundwater in the study area is primarily of a rock weathering type,with its hydrochemical composition predominantly derived from rock weathering and leaching dissolution processes.Further analysis using the[(Ca+Mg)/HCO_(3)]-[SO_(4)/HCO_(3)]diagrams indicates that the molar ratio of[Ca^(2+)+Mg^(2+)]/HCO^(-)_(3)in groundwater during both the wet and dry seasons is largely below 0.5.This finding is particularly concentrated in the areas dominated by carbonate rocks,with some samples showing a trend towards gypsum

关 键 词：黔中岩溶区 地下水 水化学特征 主成分分析 

分 类 号：P641.3[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]