土耳其岩溶地质概况  

Overview of karst geology in Turkey

作　　者：秦正峰 许琦[1,2] 谢银财 毕雪丽 QIN Zhengfeng;XU Qi;XIE Yincai;BI Xueli(Institute of Karst Geology,CAGS/Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics,MNR&GAZR/International Research Center on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China;Pingguo Guangxi,Karst Ecosystem,National Observation and Research Station,Pingguo,Guangxi 531406,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/自然资源部、广西岩溶动力学重点实验室/联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心,广西桂林541004 [2]广西平果喀斯特生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,广西平果531406

出　　处：《中国岩溶》2024年第4期969-981,990,共14页Carsologica Sinica

基　　金：中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20221808);广西自然科学基金项目(2021GXNSFBA220065)。

摘　　要：土耳其岩溶分布面积约占其国土面积的40%,发育典型的地中海气候类型岩溶,根据构造特征,从北向南分为四个不同的岩溶区,其中托罗斯山脉是土耳其乃至地中海地区最大、最为发育的岩溶区,具有很高的研究价值。文章在系统收集地质、构造及水文地质等资料基础上,编制1∶100万土耳其岩溶地质图,分析了影响岩溶发育的因素,总结了土耳其岩溶分布规律、主要岩溶现象及资源开发利用现状,为“全球岩溶地质”数据库建设和服务全球岩溶大科学计划提供支撑。Turkey is distributed with karst up to about 40%of its land area,in which karst is developed under typical Mediterranean climate.According to the structural characteristics,Turkey is divided into four different karst areas from north to south,among which the Taurus mountains is the largest and most developed karst area in this country and even in the Mediterranean region;therefore,karst in Turkey is of high research value.Based on the systematic collection of geological,structural and hydrogeological data,this study compiles a 1∶100,000,000 karst geological map of Turkey,analyzes the factors affecting karst development,and summarizes the distribution law of karst in Turkey,the main karst phenomena and the current situation of resource exploitation and utilization.Many external and internal factors contribute to the type and the degree of karstification of carbonate rocks.However,the basic fact is that the geological structure,the orogeny,and the connected tectonics provide the basic framework that permits,enhances,or impedes the processes of karstification.The Alpineorogeny and the following epiorogenic movements in Turkey have become important factors in karstification.This type of karstification of carbonate rocks is distributed almost everywhere in Turkey.According to the structural characteristics,karst areas in Turkey can be divided into four units:the karst area of the Taurus mountains,the karst area of southeast Anatolia,the karst area of central Anatolia,and the karst area of northwest Anatolia.The region of the Taurus mountains is the largest and most developed karst area in Turkey and even in the entire Mediterranean region.Carbonate rocks developed from the Cambrian to the Neogene are mainly distributed in Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata,and are the most developed in the Jurassic and Cretaceous strata.In some places,the total thickness of carbonate rocks is more than 1,500 m.The most notable karst geomorphic features are karst caves,sinkholes,dissolution funnels,poljes,karst depressions,karst canyons,ka

关 键 词：土耳其 岩溶地质 岩溶分布 洞穴 岩溶泉 

分 类 号：P642.25[天文地球—工程地质学]