汉语自然会话中的惊讶表达:基于韵律和身势的实证分析  

Expressing Surprise in Chinese Talk-in-Interaction:An Empirical Analysis Based on Prosody and Gestures

作　　者：万光荣 张青 WAN Guangrong;ZHANG Qing

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学外国语学院,湖南长沙410081 [2]滁州学院外国语学院,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》2024年第5期131-139,共9页Journal of Social Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“汉语意外义的多模态表达与效果研究”(22BYY137)。

摘　　要：以往研究聚焦文本标记考察惊讶表达,不仅推动了惊讶范畴从传信范畴中剥离出来,成为独立的语法范畴,还为惊讶的句法语义特征研究奠定了坚实基础。然而,自然会话中往往没有文本标记,交际双方借助真实场景下的韵律和身势手段表达和理解惊讶语义。鉴于此,本文基于互动语言学理论,采取多模态视角,探讨汉语自然会话中说话人如何通过韵律和身势传递惊讶信息。研究结果发现:(1)韵律表达惊讶的方式包括极大的音高、音强和音长,至少有一个明显的曲调,惊讶信息会重读且延长;(2)身势表达惊讶有五种方式:面部表情、面部表情伴随吸气、面部表情伴随手部动作、面部表情伴随身体前倾或后靠、面部表情伴随转头注视惊讶来源;(3)最常见的情况是韵律和身势协同表达,主要有两种方式,一是韵律紧跟身势,并与身势后部分重合,二是韵律与身势几乎同时发生。这种基于韵律和身势的实证分析,有助于深化语言语义研究,并为多模态情感识别提供参考。Previous linguistic research has focused on textual markers to study surprise,which has not only promoted the separation of surprise from evidentiality into an independent grammatical category but also laid a solid foundation for the study of its syntactic and semantic features.However,in real conversations,textual markers are often absent and participants rely on prosody and gestures to express and understand surprise.In light of this,this paper,based on the theory of interactional linguistics,adopts a multimodal perspective to explore how speakers express their surprise through prosody and gestures in real communication when not using explicit surprise textual markers.The findings are as follows.(1)Expressing surprise through prosody involves specific pitch,intensity,and duration values.At least one noticeable intonation pattern is used,and the syllables carrying surprise information are stressed and prolonged.(2)Five ways are discovered to express surprise through gestures:facial expressions,facial expressions accompanied by inhalation,facial expressions accompanied by hand movements,facial expressions accompanied by leaning forward/backward,and facial expressions accompanied by turning head to look at source of surprise.(3)The most common way is the coordination of prosody and gestures,with two main patterns:prosody following gestures and overlapping with the latter,and prosody almost being simultaneous with gestures.This multimodal research contributes to the study of semantics and provides insights for multimodal emotion recognition.

关 键 词：汉语自然会话 惊讶表达 韵律 身势 

分 类 号：H136[语言文字—汉语]