航机CMC热端部件用热喷涂涂层的机遇与挑战  

Thermal Spray Coatings for Aircraft CMC Hot-end Components:Opportunities and Challenges

作　　者：陶顺衍[1] 杨加胜[1] 邵芳[1] 吴应辰 赵华玉[1] 董绍明[3] 张翔宇[3] 熊瑛 TAO Shunyan;YANG Jiasheng;SHAO Fang;WU Yingchen;ZHAO Huayu;DONG Shaoming;ZHANG Xiangyu;XIONG Ying(Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials CAS,Shanghai Institute of Ceramics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201899,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure,Shanghai Institute of Ceramics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200050,China;AECC Shenyang Liming Aero-Engine Co.,Ltd.,Shenyang 110043,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所,中国科学院特种无机涂层重点实验室,上海201899 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所,高性能陶瓷与超微结构国家重点实验室,上海200050 [4]中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司,沈阳110043

出　　处：《无机材料学报》2024年第10期1077-1083,共7页Journal of Inorganic Materials

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFB3711203);上海市自然科学基金面上项目(21ZR1472800)。

摘　　要：随着航空发动机涡轮前燃气入口温度的不断攀升,陶瓷基复合材料(Ceramic Matrix Composite, CMC)以其轻质、高强、抗氧化、对裂纹不敏感、耐温性能优异等特点,成为新一代航空发动机高温部件的首选基体材料。但CMC存在抗高温水氧侵蚀性能不足等问题,发动机CMC热端部件用热喷涂涂层成为亟待解决的技术瓶颈。本文结合国外航空发动机热端部件选材方案的更迭及工程应用实例,分析了发动机热端部件采用高温合金+气膜冷却+热障涂层方案的技术局限性,明确了CMC+适量气膜冷却+环境障碍涂层方案的技术优势;综述了CMC用热与环境障碍涂层(Thermal and Environmental Barrier Coatings, TEBCs)和环境障碍可磨耗封严涂层(Environmental Barrier Coatings-Abradable Sealing Coatings, EBCs-ASCs)的研究进展、应用情况以及近些年国内外学者的研究成果;辨析了面向更高温燃气来流时热喷涂环境障碍涂层面临的机遇与挑战,为后续TEBCs的组分和结构设计以及制备明确了方向,并对今后研究工作的重点进行了展望。With the rising of the gas inlet temperature in front of the turbine of aero-engine,ceramic matrix composites(CMCs)have emerged as the preferred matrix material for the new generation of high-temperature components in aero-engine due to their light weight,high strength,oxidation resistance,insensitivity to crack,and excellent temperature durability.However,because of their limited resistance to high temperature water vapor and oxygen erosion,development of thermal spray coating technology for hot-end components of CMCs engines has become an urgent challenge to be overcome.In this paper,based upon changes of material selection strategies and application examples of foreign aero-engines,technical limitations of the employed superalloys+film cooling+thermal barrier coatings(TBCs)for hot-end components of aero-engines were analyzed,and technical advantages of the utilized CMCs+appropriate film cooling+environmental barrier coatings(EBCs)were consolidated.Thermal and environmental barrier coatings(TEBCs)and environmental barrier coatings-abradable sealing coatings(EBCs-ASCs)for CMCs were reviewed on the basis of recent research findings from domestic and oversea scholars.Finally,opportunities and challenges associated with thermal spraying EBCs for higher temperature gas flow were analyzed,and the direction of design and preparation on a certain composition and structure for TEBCs was clarified,among which the focal points of future research endeavors were prospected.

关 键 词：热喷涂 环境障碍涂层 热与环境障碍涂层 可磨耗封严涂层 陶瓷基复合材料 专题评述 

分 类 号：TQ174[化学工程—陶瓷工业]