生物大分子相分离的生物医药应用  

Biomedical Applications for Phase Separation of Biomacromolecules

作　　者：赵振男 欧阳松应 吴军军 ZHAO Zhennan;OUYANG Songying;WU Junjun(College of Life Sciences,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China;FJNU Biomedical Research Center of South China,Fuzhou 350117,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学生命科学学院,福州350117 [2]福建师范大学南方生物医学研究中心,福州350117

出　　处：《中国细胞生物学学报》2024年第9期1694-1703,共10页Chinese Journal of Cell Biology

基　　金：福建省自然科学基金面上项目(批准号:2023J01506);福建省中青年教师教育科研项目(批准号:JAT220044);翔安创新实验室/传染病疫苗研发全国重点实验室科技项目(批准号:2023XAKJ0101011)资助的课题。

摘　　要：细胞复杂的内部成分与结构为细胞高效有序地完成不同生化反应和调控活动提供了基础。细胞内的各种功能区室对维持正常、高效的生理过程起到关键作用,如有膜区室内质网和高尔基体等,无膜区室P颗粒和应激颗粒等。无膜区室通过多价相互作用驱使的相分离过程进行组装,又被称为生物分子凝聚体。相分离现象在细胞内具有重要的生物学功能,包括调节生物化学反应速度、保证生化反应的特异性、截留储存生物分子以及灵敏地调控微小环境变化等。在药物靶标治疗和作为药物递送载体方面,相分离已展现突出的应用潜力。该综述主要阐述相分离的发生机制及生物分子凝聚体的生物功能,总结近期相分离在药物靶标治疗以及作为药物递送载体方面的研究进展,为生物大分子相分离在生物医药领域的相关研究提供参考。The complex internal components and structures of a cell provide the foundation for the cell to efficiently and orderly carry out various biochemical reactions and regulatory activities.The various functional compartments within the cell play a crucial role in maintaining normal and efficient physiological processes,such as membrane-bound organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus,and membrane-less compartments such as P-bodies and stress granules.Membrane-less compartments are assembled through phase separation driven by multivalent interactions,also known as biomolecular condensates.Phase separation phenomena have important biological functions within the cell,including regulating the speed of biochemical reactions,ensuring the specificity of biochemical reactions,sequestering and storing biomolecules,and sensitively regulating minor environmental changes.In terms of drug targeting and as drug delivery carriers,phase separation has shown outstanding application potential.This review mainly elaborates on the mechanism of phase separation occurrence and the biological functions of biomolecular condensates,summarizes recent research progress of phase separation in drug targeting and as drug delivery carriers,and provides references for the study of biomacromolecule phase separation in the field of biomedicine.

关 键 词：生物大分子相分离 生物分子凝聚体 药物靶标治疗 药物递送载体 

分 类 号：R318[医药卫生—生物医学工程]