Starlink卫星光学观测可见性分析  

Analysis of Starlink satellite’s visibility based on optics observation

作　　者：杨原 李崇辉 佟帅 勾万祥 张超[1] YANG Yuan;LI Chonghui;TONG Shuai;GOU Wanxiang;ZHANG Chao(Information Engineering University,School of Geospatial Information,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]信息工程大学地理空间信息学院,郑州450001

出　　处：《光学技术》2024年第5期574-586,共13页Optical Technique

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42374011);河南省青年人才托举工程项目(2022HYTP008)。

摘　　要：以Starlink为首的巨型星座快速发展对空间安全、天文观测等方面造成巨大影响,急需对其进行有效监测,光学观测是最有效的观测手段。根据Starlink在轨和计划发射的全部42000颗卫星的轨道信息和卫星结构特征建立了卫星轨道模型和光学反射模型,模拟了不同地区在不同季节和夜晚不同时间的卫星视星等分布;根据光电系统对Starlink卫星观测的成像特性建立了成像信噪比模型,模拟了50mm口径光电系统在不同地区、不同季节和夜晚不同时间观测Starlink卫星的成像信噪比分布,并用50mm口径图像全站仪进行观测实验验证。结果表明测站纬度越高,Starlink卫星夜间可观测时间越长,夏季可观测时间最长、冬季最短,在高纬度地区夏季整夜可见;南北纬40°附近可观测到卫星数量最多,为最佳观测位置;卫星越接近测站天顶位置视星等亮度越高,光电系统进行观测时成像信噪比也越高。The rapid development of mega constellations led by Starlink has a huge impact on space security,astronomical observation and other aspects.Effective monitoring is urgently needed and optical observation is the most effective observation method.Satellite orbit model and optical reflection model are established based on the orbital information and satellite structure characteristics of all 42000 Starlink satellites.The distribution of satellite visual magnitude in different regions at different seasons and times of night was simulated.According to the imaging characteristics of Starlink satellite's observation by photoelectric equipment,the imaging signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)model was established.The SNR distribution of Starlink satellite observation by 50mm aperture photoelectric equipment was simulated,and verified through observation experiments using a 50mm aperture image total station.The results show that the higher the latitude,the longer the Starlink satellite can be observed at night,with the longest observable time in summer and the shortest in winter.The maximum number of satellites can be observed near 40°north and south latitude,making it the optimal observation location.The closer the satellite is to the zenith position of the observation station,the higher the visual magnitude brightness,the higher the imaging SNR when the photoelectric equipment observes.

关 键 词：Starlink 视星等 信噪比 可观测性 

分 类 号：TN29[电子电信—物理电子学]