云南省孟连县2016—2020年鼠疫监测调查及风险分析  

Plague surveillance and risk analysis in Menglian County,Yunnan Province,2016-2020

作　　者：郭牧[1] 冯志刚 刘正祥[1] 王剑 罗燕[2] 董云军 蔡文凤[1] 段兴德[1] 浦恩念 李豪 邵宗体[1] GUO Mu;FENG Zhigang;LIU Zhengxiang;WANG Jian;LUO Yan;DONG Yunjun;CAI Wenfeng;DUAN Xingde;PU Ennian;LI Hao;SHAO Zongti(Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention,Yunnan Center of Plague Control and Prevention,Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention,Dali,Yunnan 671000,China;Menglian County Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Menglian,Yunnan 665800,China;Simao Customs Comprehensive Technical Service Center,Menglian,Yunnan 665800,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省地方病防治所/云南省鼠疫防治研究中心/云南省自然疫源性疾病防控技术重点实验室,云南大理671000 [2]孟连县疾病预防控制中心,云南孟连674100 [3]思茅海关综合技术服务中心,云南孟连674100

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2024年第9期1027-1032,共6页China Tropical Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.81660554);云南省基础研究计划面上项目(No.2019FB104)。

摘　　要：目的了解云南省孟连县鼠疫宿主媒介的种群组成和数量变化,监测调查鼠疫疫情动态,评估鼠疫流行风险,为云南省边境地区鼠疫防控提供科学依据。方法按照《云南省鼠疫监测方案》开展动物鼠疫监测,收集2016-2020年孟连县鼠疫监测资料,并于2020年11月在孟连县2个边境乡镇开展鼠疫调查,采集居民区、农耕区和林区宿主动物及其体表寄生蚤样本,采集边境居民和鼠疫指示动物血清,对宿主动物脏器和蚤类样本进行鼠疫耶尔森菌(鼠疫菌)分离培养,采用间接血凝试验(IHA)对血清样本进行鼠疫F1抗体检测。结果2016—2020年孟连县动物鼠疫监测共捕获宿主动物3目4科7属11种793只,室内和室外分别捕获358只和435,其中均以黄胸鼠为优势种,构成比分别为93.58%和83.91%,臭鼩、大足鼠、北树鼩和黑缘齿鼠为常见种,室内和室外平均鼠密度分别为1.33%(358/27014)和1.65%(435/26442)。2020年孟连县边境地区专项调查捕获宿主动物3目4科9属15种313只,以黄胸鼠、黑缘齿鼠和臭鼩为优势种,构成比分别为47.60%、20.13%和10.86%,室内和室外宿主动物捕获率分别为3.25%(39/1200)和18.81%(274/1457)。常规监测与专项调查的室内与室外宿主动物捕获率以及室内与室外黄胸鼠密度差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=30.682,1641.931,32.690,320.415,P<0.01)。2016—2020年动物鼠疫监测黄胸鼠鼠体印鼠客蚤染蚤率为30.97%,黄胸鼠体表印鼠客蚤指数为0.79。2020年孟连县边境地区专项调查检获蚤类4科7属7种99匹,宿主动物体表寄生蚤优势种为印鼠客蚤和偏远古蚤,构成比分别为69.70%和20.20%,染蚤率为9.90%,其中黄胸鼠体表印鼠客蚤染蚤率为12.08%(18/149),黄胸鼠体表印鼠客蚤指数为0.46。常规监测与专项调查黄胸鼠体表印鼠客蚤染蚤率之间差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=22.773,P<0.01)。常规监测和专项调查实验室检测结果均为阴性。结论孟连县鼠疫主要宿主�Objective To understand the population composition and quantitative changes of plague hosts and vectors in Menglian County,Yunnan Province,to monitor and investigate the epidemic dynamics of plague,and to evaluate the epidemic risk of plague,providing a scientific basis for plague prevention and control in Yunnan's border areas.Methods Animal plague surveillance was carried out according to the"Yunnan Provincial Plague Surveillance Program",and the data of plague surveillance in Menglian County from 2016 to 2020 were collected and analyzed.In 2020,a plague survey was conducted in two border towns in Menglian County.The samples of host animals and their surface parasitic fleas in residential,agricultural,and forest areas were collected,and serum samples of border residents and plague indicator animals were collected.Yersinia pestis was isolated and cultured from host animal organs and flea samples,and indirect hemagglutination assay(IHA)was used to detect F1 antibody in serum samples.Results A total of 793 host animals,encompassing 11 species across 7 genera and 4 families in 3 orders,were captured in animal plague surveillance in Menglian County,from 2016 to 2020.Rattus tanezumi was identified as the dominant indoor and outdoor species,with composition ratios of 93.58%and 83.91%,respectively.Suncus murinus,Rattus nitidus,Tupaia belangeri,and Rattus andamanensis were common species.The average rodent density indoors and outdoors was 1.33%and 1.65%,respectively.In 2020,the special survey in Menglian County's border areas captured 313 host animals,including 15 species across 9 genera and 4 families in 3 orders.The dominant species were Rattus tanezumi,Rattus andamanensis,and Suncus murinus,with composition ratios of 47.60%,20.13%,and 10.86%,respectively.The capture rates of indoor and outdoor host animals were 3.25%and 18.81%,respectively.There were statistically significant differences in the capture rates of indoor and outdoor host animals and the density of indoor and outdoor Rattus tanezumi between routine monit

关 键 词：鼠疫 室内 室外 宿主动物 捕获率 染蚤率 风险分析 

分 类 号：R516.8[医药卫生—内科学]