海南省2014—2023年农药中毒病例特征分析  

Analysis of the characteristics of pesticide poisoning cases in Hainan Province,2014-2023

作　　者：金蕾[1,2] 李宾 王川健[1,2] 陈玉珅 唐天统[1,2] JIN Lei;LI Bin;WANG Chuanjian;CHEN Yukun;TANG Tiantong(Institute of Public Health,Hainan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Haikou,Hainan 570203,China;Hainan Academy of Preventive Medicine,Haikou,Hainan 570203,China)

机构地区：[1]海南省疾病预防控制中心公共卫生研究所,海南海口570203 [2]海南省预防医学科学院,海南海口570203

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2024年第9期1129-1135,共7页China Tropical Medicine

基　　金：海南省卫生健康科技创新联合项目(No.WSJK2024MS183)。

摘　　要：目的分析海南省2014—2023年农药中毒的分布特征和发展趋势,为制定海南省农药中毒防控措施提供科学依据。方法通过“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”子系统“职业病及健康危害因素监测信息系统”收集海南省2014—2023年农药中毒病例资料,对所收集病例资料的时间分布、人口学特征、地区分布、中毒农药种类及发展趋势进行描述性分析。结果2014—2023年海南省共报告农药中毒1561例,死亡68例,年均发病率为1.60/10万,总病死率为4.36%。中毒类型以非生产性中毒为主(1227例,78.60%);中毒高发年份为2019年(210例,13.45%)、2018年(209例,13.39%)和2016年(204例,13.07%);以第三季度居多(440例,28.19%),生产性中毒高发于7—9月,非生产性中毒高发于5月、1月和8月;中毒病例以男性为主(832例,53.30%),男女标化病例比为1.05∶1;年龄为(42.10±19.81)岁,高发年龄段为35~<45岁组(305例,19.54%)、45~<55岁组(293例,18.77%)和25~<35岁组(285例,18.26%),总病死率以65~<75岁组(6.84%)最高;总发病率居于前3位的地区为临高县(103.68/10万)、五指山市(71.85/10万)和保亭黎族苗族自治县(64.88/10万);导致中毒的农药品种主要为除草剂(590例,37.80%)和杀虫剂(582例,37.28%),农药品种分布差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=129.023,P<0.05),中毒病死率居于前3位的农药种类分别为百草枯(16.15%)、甲胺磷(14.29%)和敌敌畏(12.50%);农药中毒病例呈现年度分布不均的特征,10年总病例、生产性中毒及非生产性中毒病例随年度均呈线性发展趋势(Z=5.027、4.654、3.241,均为P<0.05)。结论非生产性农药中毒是海南省现阶段农药中毒防控的重点,建议通过多部门联合采取加强农药生产和销售环节的监管、农药使用安全知识的宣传及加强基层精神卫生建设等综合措施预防农药中毒的发生。Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics and development trends of pesticide poisoning in Hainan Province,2014—2023,and to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control measures for pesticide poisoning in Hainan Province.Methods The Occupational Diseases and Health Hazards Monitoring Information System,a module of the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System,was the primary data source of the study.A descriptive analysis was performed on time distribution,demographic characteristics,regional distribution,poisonous pesticide types,and development trends of pesticide poisoning in Hainan Province from 2014 to 2023.Results From 2014 to 2023,a total of 1561 pesticide poisoning cases were reported in Hainan Province,with 68 deaths,resulting in an average annual incidence of 1.60/100000 and an overall case fatality rate of 4.36%.The primary type of poisoning was non-occupational(1227 cases,78.60%).The high incidence of poisoning occurred in 2019(210 cases,13.45%),2018(209 cases,13.39%),and 2016(204 cases,13.07%),mostly in the third quarter(440 cases,28.19%).Occupational poisoning predominantly occurred from July to September,while non-occupational poisoning was more frequent in May,January,and August.The majority of poisoning cases were male(832 cases,53.30%)and the standardized case ratio of male to female was 1.05∶1.The average age of cases was(42.10±19.81)years old,with high incidence rates in the 35-<45 age group(305 cases,19.54%),45-<55 age group(293 cases,18.77%),and 25-<35 age group(285 cases,18.26%).The highest case fatality rate was observed in the group aged 65-<75 years(6.84%).Regions with the highest incidence rates were Lingao County(103.68/100000),Wuzhishan City(71.85/100000),and Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County(64.88/100000).Herbicides(590 cases,37.80%)and insecticides(582 cases,37.28%)were the main species of pesticides that caused poisoning,and there was a significant difference in the distribution of pesticide species(χ^(2)=129.023,P<0.05).The

关 键 词：农药中毒 分布 发展趋势 病死率 海南省 

分 类 号：R139[医药卫生—劳动卫生]