耕作方式与秸秆还田对土壤物理性状及春玉米产量的影响  

Effects of Tillage Methods and Straw Returning on Soil Physical Properties and Yield of Spring Maize

作　　者：屈佳伟 田磊 于长生 艾俊国 刘玉龙 于晓芳[1] 张悦忠 QU Jia-wei;TIAN Lei;YU Chang-sheng;AI Jun-guo;LIU Yu-long;YU Xiao-fang;ZHANG Yue-zhong(College of Agriculture,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019;Zhalaite Banner Agriculture,Animal Husbandry and Science and Technology Bureau,Yindel 137600,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院,呼和浩特010019 [2]扎赉特旗农牧和科技局,内蒙古兴安盟音德尔137600

出　　处：《玉米科学》2024年第8期55-62,71,共9页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家重大科技专项(2017YFD0300800);内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费(BR220119);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2023LHMS03014)。

摘　　要：采取随机区组大区试验设计,分别设置条深旋+秸秆还田(SCR)、深松+秸秆还田(SSR)、深翻+秸秆还田(DPR)、免耕+秸秆还田(NTR)、条深旋(SC)、深松(SS)、深翻(DP)、免耕(NT)、农户浅旋(RT)9个处理,探讨不同耕作方式和秸秆还田方式对土壤物理特性和春玉米生物学特性的影响。在秸秆还田条件下,各耕作处理与RT处理相比容重均有下降,其中DPR处理降幅最大,为14.96%。SC处理表现出良好的贮水能力,与RT处理相比贮水量提高了12.40%。在秸秆还田条件下,DPR处理土壤贮水量最大,与RT处理相比提高了5.33%。DPR处理更有利于花前干物质积累,积累量达到了15.92 kg/hm^(2);SSR处理有利于花后干物质积累,积累量达29.46 kg/hm^(2)。在秸秆还田条件下,DPR处理产量最大,其次是SSR处理,与RT处理相比分别提高了12.52%、11.13%。研究表明,深翻+秸秆还田、深松+秸秆还田处理评分较高,可作为东北黑土区提高耕层土壤质量、合理利用玉米秸秆的推荐耕作措施。The aim of this study was to solve the problems of the decline of the soil quality of the plough layer and the rational utilization of maize stalks in the black soil region of Northeast China.A randomized block and large-area experimental design were adopted.Nine treatments were set up:Strip Deep Rotation+Straw Return(SCR),Subsoiling+Straw Return(SSR),Deep Ploughing+Straw Return(DPR),No Tillage+Straw Return(NTR),Strip Deep Rotation(SC),Subsoiling(SS),Deep Ploughing(DP),No Tillage(NT),and Farmers shallow rotation(RT).Under the condition of returning straw to the field,the bulk density of each tillage treatment decreased compared to RT,with the maximum decrease in DPR being 14.96%.SC showed good water storage capacity,which increased by 12.40%compared to RT.However,under straw returning conditions,DPR had the highest soil water storage capaci⁃ty,which increased by 5.33%compared to RT.DPR was more conducive to pre flowering dry matter accumulation,reaching 15.92 kg/ha,while SSR was conducive to post flowering dry matter accumulation,reaching 29.46 kg/ha.Under straw returning conditions,DPR yield was the highest,followed by SSR,which increased by 12.52%and 11.13%compared to RT,respectively.This study showed that the principal component analysis of soil physical properties and crop biological properties showed that the DPR and SSR scores are high,which could be used as the recommended tillage measures to improve the quality of topsoil and rational utilization of maize straw in the north⁃east black soil region.

关 键 词：春玉米 耕作方式 秸秆还田 土壤物理性状 干物质 

分 类 号：S513.047[农业科学—作物学]