秸秆还田模式下施氮对夏玉米产量、品质及养分吸收特性的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Application on Yield,Quality,and Nutrient Absorption and Utilization Characteristics of Summer Maize under Straw Incorporation

作　　者：秦丁 张铎 王宜伦[1] 苗玉红[1] 盛开 李岚涛 QIN Ding;ZHANG Duo;WANG Yi-lun;MIAO Yu-hong;SHENG Kai;LI Lan-tao(College of Resources and Environment,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学资源与环境学院,郑州450046

出　　处：《玉米科学》2024年第8期72-79,共8页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(232102111119);“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1700900);河南农业大学青年英才专项基金(30500427,30500726)。

摘　　要：2019-2020年于河南省温县、原阳县和鹤壁市开展氮肥用量田间试验,研究秸秆还田下施氮对夏玉米子粒产量、品质、植物生理学形状及氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明,秸秆还田下施氮可显著提高夏玉米子粒产量,两者间呈“线性+平台”趋势。夏玉米子粒粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗淀粉含量均随施氮量增加呈先升后降趋势,与不施氮处理相比,三者平均增幅分别为30.6%、30.4%、1.5%。生育期间夏玉米叶片SPAD值、FPAR值、叶片氮含量等理化指标均随施氮量增加而显著提高。夏玉米氮素收获指数随施氮量增加逐步降低,氮肥利用率和农学效率随施氮量增加呈先升后降趋势。综上,秸秆还田模式下合理施氮可显著提高夏玉米子粒产量、改善品质,增强各生育期生理活性以及提高肥料利用率,本试验条件下夏玉米适宜施氮量为230~260 kg/hm^(2)。Field experiments were conducted separately in Wenxian County in 2019,Yuanyang County and He⁃bi City in 2020,Henan Province,China.To study the effects of nitrogen application rates on grain yield,quality,physicochemical and N utilization characteristics of summer maize under straw returning mode,and provide a scien⁃tific basis for the optimal N application in this region.The results showed that the yield of summer maize increased with increasing N application rates in“linear+platforms trends”.The crude protein,crude fat and crude starch in summer maize stopped increasing when the N application rate reached 240 and 280 kg/ha.Compared with the N0 treatment,N application increased crude protein,crude fat and crude starch by 30.6%,30.4%,and 1.5%on average in 2 years,respectively.The plant physiological indicators,such as the leaf SPAD value,FPAR and leaf nitrogen content increased with increasing N application rates.The N harvest index decreased gradually with the increase of N application rates,and the apparent utilization and agronomic efficiency increased first and then decreased with the increase of N application rate.Therefore,under the straw returning mode,reasonable nitrogen application can significantly increase summer maize grain yield,improve quality,enhance physiological activity at each growth stage,and improve fertilizer utilization efficiency.The recommended N application rates in the experimental area was 230-260 kg/ha.

关 键 词：夏玉米 秸秆还田 施氮量 产量 品质 氮素利用率 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]