若尔盖县主要林分可燃物载量特征及林火防控分析  

Analysis on the Characteristics of Combustible Fuel Load and Forest Fire Prevention of Main Forest Stands in Ruoergai County

作　　者：能州 刘茂 金银春[2] Neng Zhou;Liu Mao;Jin Yinchun(Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Ruoergai County,Ruoergai 624500,Sichuan,China;Sichuan Academy of Forestry,Chengdu 610081,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省若尔盖县林业和草原局,四川若尔盖624500 [2]四川省林业科学研究院,四川成都610081

出　　处：《绿色科技》2024年第17期95-99,共5页Journal of Green Science and Technology

摘　　要：按照《全国森林和草原火灾风险普查四川省试点调查技术指南》,分气候区、森林起源、龄组、郁闭度、优势树种对森林可燃物调查类型进行调查,分析确定火灾风险。根据林分型分层结果、面积比例和标准地数量要求,确定各类型布设调查标准地数量,再把各类型标准地分别布设在森林植被分布图上。按标准设置正方形标准地,开展乔木、灌木、草本、枯落物、腐殖质等可燃物载量调查。结果表明:各层次可燃物载量如下,乔木层153.04~302.28 t/hm^(2);灌木层8.30~19.03 t/hm^(2);草本层0.69~2.32 t/hm^(2);枯落物层3.33~4.74 t/hm^(2);腐殖层2.47~4.72 t/hm^(2);根据总可燃物载量比较,相同林分型中,随着林龄的增加,可燃物载量整体呈现上升趋势。云杉、桦木的成过熟林总可燃物载量比近熟林有所下降,这可能与当地人为砍伐等破坏有关;林分中最易引起火灾的可燃物为地表可燃物和草本植物。4种林分型下,平均死可燃物载量为5.66~9.18 t/hm^(2),发生较大火灾的可能性较小。但近熟林和成过熟林中的死可燃物载量较大,应重点关注。森林火灾引发的影响因子较多,应根据林分可燃物特征、立地条件、人文情况等实际情况,提出符合防火实情的防火区划和防火减灾策略。According to the Technical Guide for National Forest and Grassland Fire Risk Survey in Sichuan Province,the investigation types of forest fuels were investigated according to climate region,forest origin,age groups,canopy density and dominant tree species.According to the results of the stratification of stand types,the area proportion and standard land quantity requirements,the standard land quantity of each type was determined,and then each type of standard land was arranged on the forest vegetation distribution map.A standard square plot was set up in a woodland with suitable slope and less human disturbance,which was far away from the road,and the fuel load of trees,shrubs,herbs,litter and humus was investigated.The fuel capacity of each level is as follows:tree layer 153.04~302.28 t/hm^(2);Shrub layer 8.30~19.03 t/hm^(2);Herbaceous layer 0.69~2.32 t/hm^(2);Litter layer 3.33~4.74 t/hm^(2);Humus layer 2.47~4.72 t/hm^(2);According to the comparison of total fuel load,in the same stand type,the fuel load showed an increasing trend with the increase of the age of the stand.In the spruce and birch stands,the total fuel load of mature and over-mature stands was lower than that of near-mature stands,which may be related to local deforestation and other damage.The combustibles which are most likely to cause fire in the stand are surface combustibles and herbs.Under the four stand types,the average dead fuel load was 5.66~9.18 t/hm^(2),and the possibility of large fires was less.However,in the near mature forest and the mature forest,the dead fuel load is large,which should be paid attention.At the same time,there are many impact factors caused by forest fires,so fire prevention zoning and fire mitigation strategies should be put forward according to the characteristics of forest fuel,site conditions and human conditions.

关 键 词：森林 可燃物载量 防火 若尔盖县 

分 类 号：S7[农业科学—林学]