苏州市吴中区化肥农药施用现状及优化策略  

Current Situation and Optimization Strategies of Fertilizer and Pesticide Applicationin Wuzhong District of Suzhou City

作　　者：杨大强 郑俊华 谭芊芊 严震晶 程中欣 杨静怡 金丽 夏昊 张健 李浩宇 Yang Daqiang;Zheng Junhua;Tan Qianqian;Yan Zhenjing;Cheng Zhongxin;Yang Jingyi;Jin Li;Xia Hao;Zhang Jian;Li Haoyu(Agriculture and Forestry Service of Dongshan Town,Suzhou 215107,Jiangsu,China;Suzhou Forestry Station,Suzhou 215000,Jiangsu,China;Fruit and Vegetable Gardening Station in Wuzhong District of Suzhou City,Suzhou 215104,Jiangsu,China;Suzhou Agricultural Machinery Extension Station,Suzhou 215104,Jiangsu,China;Linhu Town Construction Bureau in Wuzhong District of Suzhou City,Suzhou 215106,Jiangsu,China;Dongshan Town Dukou Village Commission in Wuzhong District of Suzhou City,Suzhou 215107,Jiangsu,China;Dongshan Diversified Business Service Company in Wuzhong District of Suzhou City,Suzhou 215107,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州市吴中区东山农林服务站,江苏苏州215107 [2]苏州市林业站,江苏苏州215000 [3]苏州市吴中区果蔬园艺站,江苏苏州215104 [4]苏州市吴中区农机推广站,江苏苏州215104 [5]苏州市吴中区临湖镇建设局,江苏苏州215106 [6]苏州市吴中区东山镇渡口村委员会,江苏苏州215107 [7]苏州市吴中区东山多种经营服务公司,江苏苏州215107

出　　处：《绿色科技》2024年第17期100-106,116,共8页Journal of Green Science and Technology

基　　金：2023年江苏省现代农业(特色果树)产业技术体系吴中推广示范基地(编号:JATS(2023)116)。

摘　　要：化肥农药减量增效是推进我国农业可持续发展的重要举措,因此分析苏州市的农药化肥施用现状对实现化肥农药减量增效具有重要的指导作用。对苏州市吴中区2019-2022年的农田种植进行调研,内容包括:肥料品种、肥料与农药用量、种植面积及产量,并根据调研结果对吴中区不同乡镇和作物间的肥料和农药投入总量、强度及种类进行统计分析。结果表明:2019-2022年苏州市吴中区东山镇化肥施用量和施用强度整体呈上升趋势,而化肥施用效率呈下降趋势。其中2020年东山镇肥料施用总量和施用强度均为最高,分别为2750.93 t和101.34 kg/hm^(2);经济作物(茶叶、果树和蔬菜)的肥料施用量占施用总量的98.97%,其中枇杷的化肥平均施用量最高为1223.40 t,占总化肥平均施用量的51.90%,大棚蔬菜的平均施肥强度最高为32.85 kg/hm^(2)。2020-2022年苏州市吴中区各乡镇农药总施用量整体呈下降趋势,整体维持在225.46~233.49 t,除木渎镇的农药施用量呈增长趋势,其余乡镇农药施用量均有所降低;其中水稻、茶叶和果树的农药施用量均呈下降趋势,小麦、油菜和蔬菜呈波动上升趋势。目前苏州市吴中区的化肥农药施用仍存在不合理的现象,应加强宏观调控、实行合理的肥料资源地区布局,因地制宜地采取优化方案,以实现化肥农药的减量增效,提升农田经济效益和环境效益。Fertilizer and pesticide reduction and efficiency is an essential initiative to promote the sustainable development of China's agriculture,therefore,analyzing the current situation of pesticide and fertilizer application in Suzhou City has a significant guiding role in realizing the fertilizer and pesticide reduction and efficiency.In this paper,research is conducted on agricultural cultivation in Wuzhong District,Suzhou City,from 2019 to 2022,including:fertilizer varieties,fertilizer and pesticide dosage,planting area and production,and the total amount.Intensity and types of fertilizer and pesticide inputs among different townships and crops in Wuzhong District are statistically analyzed according to the results of the research.The results indicate that the overall trend of fertilizer application and application intensity in Dongshan Township,Wuzhong District,Suzhou City,from 2019 to 2022 is upward,while the fertilizer application efficiency is downward.Among which,the total amount of fertilizer application and application intensity in Dongshan Town in 2020 were the highest,which were 2750.93 t and 101.34 kg/hm^(2),respectively;the fertilizer application of cash crops(tea,fruit trees and vegetables)accounted for 98.97%of the total amount,among which the average fertilizer application of loquat was the highest at 1,223.40t,which accounted for 51.90%of the total average fertilizer application.The highest fertilizer application intensity was 32.85 kg/hm^(2).The total pesticide application in all townships of Wuzhong District,Suzhou City,from 2020 to 2022 showed an overall decreasing trend,which maintained at 225.46~233.49 t.Except for Mudu County,pesticide application showed an increasing trend,and the rest of the townships showed decreasing pesticide application.Pesticide application of rice,tea,and fruit trees showed a decreasing trend,and wheat,oilseed rape and vegetables showed a fluctuating upward trend.At present,the application of fertilizers and pesticides in Wuzhong District of Suzhou City is still unreas

关 键 词：化肥 农药 减量增效 优化策略 

分 类 号：S48[农业科学—农药学]