粟喉蜂虎在公路边坡栖息行为探讨  

Discussions on the Nesting Behaviors of Merops philippinus on Cut Slope of Highway

作　　者：孙振和 刘龙[2,3] 邹威波 张前进 李守林[3] 陈琳 SUN Zhen-he;LIU Long;Zou Wei-bo;ZHANG Qian-jin;LI Shou-lin;CHEN Lin(Hainan Province Transport Investment Holding Company Limited,Haikou 570203,China;China Academy of Transportation Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;Academy of Transportation Sciences and Technology Group Co.Ltd.,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]海南省交通投资控股有限公司,海口市570203 [2]交通运输部科学研究院,北京市100029 [3]交科院科技集团有限公司,北京市100029

出　　处：《公路》2024年第10期385-390,共6页Highway

基　　金：海南省交通运输厅科技项目,项目编号HNJTT-KXC-2023-4-23-02。

摘　　要：2022年4月初,在海南旅游公路新开挖的路堑边坡上发现有粟喉蜂虎在上面筑巢。粟喉蜂虎属于国家Ⅱ级保护动物,其外表艳丽,被称为中国最美丽的鸟之一,在公路路堑边坡筑巢栖息的现象在国内尚属首次。调查分析了筑巢路段的路堑边坡土质特点、周围环境特点、巢穴的分布特点以及公路施工行为对粟喉蜂虎的影响。通过调研分析,粟喉蜂虎喜好在土壤含砂量高、新开挖的、硬度在18~25 mm,周围为农田和草地的边坡上筑巢;粟喉蜂虎挖掘的巢穴只有25%左右为其所利用,大部分巢穴被废弃。正常行驶的施工车辆对粟喉蜂虎行为影响有限,但是车辆停靠以及人类抵近观察对粟喉蜂虎造成明显的影响。根据研究结果,研究人员提出在3月底之前有计划地对现有路堑边坡进行处理,吸引栗喉蜂虎在该栖息地筑巢孵育,同时加强管理在栖息地位置设置禁停标志,减少人类对栗喉蜂虎的影响,从而有效保护该物种在海南的生存。对于类似地区开展项目建设,可以及早判断是否可成为其栖息地,提早做好准备,调整施工组织设计,减少由于保护栗喉蜂虎而造成的不利影响。In the early of April 2022,Merops philippinus are found nesting on the newly excavated cut slope of the Hainan Tourism Highway.Merops philippinus is a national second-class protected animal,known as one of the most beautiful birds in China due to its gorgeous appearance.It is the first time to be found building their nests in the road cutting slope in China. In the paper, the soil quality characteristicsof the cutting slope, the surrounding environment characteristics, the distribution characteristics of thenests, and the influence of the highway construction behavior on the Merops philippinus are investigatedand analyzed. Through investigation and analysis, Merops philippinus likes to build nests in the soil withhigh sand content, newly excavated, hardness of 18~25 mm, and the surrounding farmland and grasslandslope. Only 25% of the nests excavated by them are used, and most of the nests are abandoned. Normaldriving construction vehicles have limited influence on its behavior, but vehicle parking and humanapproach observation have obvious effects on it. According to the results of the study, the researchersproposed to treat the existing cutting slope in a planned way before the end of March to attract Meropsphilippinus to nest and breed in the habitat, and strengthen management to set stop signs in the habitat toreduce the impact of human beings on Merops philippinus, so as to effectively protect the survival of thisspecies in Hainan. For similar areas to carry out project construction, early judgement shall be madewhether it can become their habitat so as to make preparations in advance, adjust the constructionorganization design, and reduce the adverse impact caused by the protection of the Merops philippinus.

关 键 词：公路环境保护 路堑边坡 动物栖息地 粟喉蜂虎 筑巢 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学] U416.14[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]