论宪法效力在中国自主的宪法学知识体系中的基础性建构作用  

The Foundational Constructive Role of Constitutional Efficacy in China's Autonomous Constitutional Law Knowledge System

作　　者：莫纪宏[1,2,3] Mo Jihong

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学法学院 [2]中国社会科学院法学研究所 [3]中国社会科学院国际法研究所

出　　处：《中国社会科学院大学学报》2024年第7期5-27,152,F0003,共25页Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

基　　金：2023年教育部哲学社会科学研究重大专项项目“中国自主的宪法学知识体系研究”(2023JZDZ015);2023年中国社会科学院智库基础研究项目(23ZKJC020)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：宪法效力是宪法学的基础性概念,也是宪法学分析宪法现象对国家生活和社会生活发挥根本法作用的重要理论工具。宪法效力是一个复杂的效力体系,包括政治效力和法律效力等各种约束人们行为的拘束力,但只有宪法的法律效力才是宪法效力的实质内涵。宪法的法律效力可以分为对人效力、时间效力和空间效力。宪法作为法律规范具有规范效力,可以约束一般法律法规的生效和内涵。同时,宪法的规范效力表现在宪法的确定力、执行力和拘束力三个不同层面。宪法在实践中既可以形成直接效力,也可以产生间接效力。宪法与国际法的关系也体现了主权国家宪法效力的范围既涉及属人主义的效力,又有空间效力上的交叉。加强对宪法效力问题的研究有助于从整体上提升中国自主的宪法学理论研究水平,增强宪法学知识对宪法实施工作的指导作用。Constitutional efficacy is a fundamental concept in constitutional law and an important theoretical tool for analyzing the fundamental role of the constitution in national and social life.It constitutes a complex system of efficacy,encompassing various constraints on human behavior,including political efficacy and legal efficacy,with the latter being the substantive essence of constitutional efficacy.Legal efficacy of the constitution can be categorized into personal efficacy,temporal efficacy,and spatial efficacy.As a legal norm,the constitution has normative efficacy that can constrain the enactment and content of general laws and regulations.Concurrently,the normative efficacy of the constitution manifests across three different dimensions:certainty,enforceability,and binding force.In practice,the constitution can exert both direct and indirect efficacy.The relationship between the constitution and international law also reflects the scope of constitutional efficacy for sovereign states,involving both personalistic efficacy and spatial cross-effects.Strengthening the study on constitutional efficacy issues contributes to an overall enhancement of China's autonomous constitutional law theoretical research level and strengthens the guiding role of constitutional law knowledge in constitutional implementation work.

关 键 词：宪法效力 宪法的对人效力 宪法的时间效力 宪法的空间效力 宪法的规范效力 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]