论国际法上的资助恐怖主义犯罪  

On Crime of Financing of Terrorism in International Law

作　　者：李嘉怡 Li Jiayi

机构地区：[1]石河子大学法学院

出　　处：《国际法研究》2024年第5期29-44,共16页Chinese Review of International Law

摘　　要：恐怖主义被认为是对国际和平与安全的严重威胁,在打击恐怖主义犯罪方面最为有效的方式是防止和制止为恐怖主义提供资助的行为,通过切断资金来源,从根源上制止恐怖主义犯罪。《制止向恐怖主义提供资助的国际公约》为有效打击资助恐怖主义行为提供了法律依据,该公约的目的和宗旨是通过起诉和惩罚资助恐怖主义的行为人以防止和制止恐怖主义犯罪。单独实施犯罪、共同正犯、间接共同犯罪和未完成犯罪是国际刑法上的一级责任形态,而计划、命令、鼓动、帮助和唆使、引诱、支助以共同目的行事的团伙犯罪等其他参与模式则是次级责任形态。《制止向恐怖主义提供资助的国际公约》第2条第1款所列的规定应被视为犯罪的一级责任形态;除未遂外,该公约第2条第5款所列的规定都应被视为犯罪的次级责任形态。因为该公约中规定的资助恐怖主义犯罪本身构成国际刑法中的未完成犯罪,所以在资助恐怖主义犯罪的所有责任形态中恐怖主义犯罪均不需实际发生。《制止向恐怖主义提供资助的国际公约》不追究国家作为主体实施或协助实施资助恐怖主义行为的责任,不论个人或组织从事的行为是否可以归责于国家,均不可依据该公约追究国家作为主体实施或协助实施资助恐怖主义行为的责任,但国家应承担未能防止或制止个人或组织实施资助恐怖主义犯罪的责任。Terrorism has been considered as a serious threat to international peace and security.One of the most effective ways in the fight against terrorism is to adopt measures for the prevention and suppression of the financing of terrorism.If we choke off the terrorists'fund,we defeat the crime of terrorism from where it begins.The International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism(hereinafter the ICSFT)provides a legal basis for effectively suppressing the financing of terrorism.The purpose of the ICSFT is to prevent the act of financing of terrorism by prosecuting and punishing perpetrators of the crime of financing of terrorism.Commission as an individual,coperpetration,indirect co-perpetration and inchoate crime constitute primary responsibility under international criminal law,while planning,ordering,instigation,aiding and abetting,solicit or induce,contribute to the commission by a group of persons acting with the common purpose as modes of liability constitute secondary responsibility.It is noted that provisions listed in Article 2(1)of the ICSFT should be regarded as primary responsibility under international criminal law.It should also be noted that all the provisions listed in Article 2(5)of the ICSFT,except for attempts,should be considered as modes of liability.It is submitted that the crime of financing of terrorism constitutes an inchoate crime under international criminal law.Thus,for an act to constitute a mode of liability of the crime of financing of terrorism,the occurrence of the crime of terrorism shall not be necessary.Furthermore,the ICSFT does not address the issue of State responsibility.The commission by individuals or groups of an offence of financing of terrorism does not in itself engage the responsibility of the State concerned under the Convention,regardless of whether the commission at issue is attributable to the State.State Parties have the obligation to prevent or punish those who committed the crime of financing terrorism.

关 键 词：恐怖主义 资助恐怖主义 未完成犯罪 责任形态 国际刑法 

分 类 号：D997.9[政治法律—刑法学]