化肥减量结合大豆绿肥还田对小麦产量及土壤有机碳组分的影响  

Effects of Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Soybean Green Manure Return on Wheat Yield and Soil Organic Carbon Fractions

作　　者：程李洋 何浩 鲁伟丹 常相杰 杨晓娟 李俊华[1] CHENG Li-yang;HE Hao;LU Wei-dan;CHANG Xiang-jie;YANG Xiao-juan;LI Jun-hua(Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment,College of Agriculture,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832003,China;Manas Agricultural Experimental Station,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Manas County,Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture,Xinjiang 832200,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院农业资源与环境系,新疆石河子832003 [2]新疆农业科学院玛纳斯农业试验站,新疆昌吉回族自治州玛纳斯县832200

出　　处：《土壤通报》2024年第5期1328-1336,共9页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900802,2018YFD0200406);国家自然科学基金项目(31660598,31360501)资助。

摘　　要：【目的】明确在不同减施化肥比例下麦后复种大豆绿肥对土壤质量和有机碳组分的影响,为大豆绿肥对土壤培肥提供理论支撑。【方法】麦后复种大豆绿肥试验为两年的盆栽试验,共设置6个处理:不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(CF)(仅施氮磷肥)及分别减施6%、12%、18%和24%的氮磷肥(RF6、RF12、RF18和RF24)处理,分析植株干物质及其碳、氮、磷和钾含量及土壤养分和有机碳组分含量。【结果】麦后复种大豆绿肥并还田提高了后季小麦籽粒产量,且CF、RF6和RF12处理的产量显著高于其他处理(P<0.05)。与2021年相比,2022年CF、RF6和RF12处理籽粒产量提高了32.2%~40.6%(P<0.01);土壤碱解氮和速效磷含量分别增加了8.4%~22.0%和49.9%~56.9%,速效钾降低了9.7%~14.2%;土壤有机碳、高活性有机碳和微生物量碳含量分别增加了14.4%~14.5%,42.1%~42.8%和204.0%~252.6%(P<0.01)。大豆绿肥还田后RF6处理土壤质量指数显著高于CK和RF24处理(P<0.05),但CF处理与减施化肥处理之间差异不显著。【结论】在减施氮磷肥12%的范围内大豆绿肥还田增加了小麦产量、土壤速效氮和速效磷及有机碳含量,有机碳含量随高活性有机碳和微生物量碳含量的增加而增加。[Objective]The aim was to clarify the effects of soybean green manure on soil quality and organic carbon fractions under different fertilizer reduction ratios,and to provide theoretical support for the effects of soybean green manure on soil fertilization and carbon accumulation.[Method]The experiment was a two-year pot experiment with six treatments:no fertilizer(CK),conventional fertilizer(CF)(N and P fertilizer)and nitrogen and P fertilizer(RF6,RF12,RF18 and RF24)reduced by 6%,12%,18%and 24%,respectively.The contents of plant dry matter,carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,and soil nutrients and organic carbon fractions were measured.[Result]Multiple planting of soybean green manure after wheat and returning to field increased the grain yield of wheat in the second year,and CF,RF6 and RF12 treatments were significantly higher than other treatments(P<0.05).The grain yields of CF,RF6 and RF12 treatments in 2022 were increased by 32.2%-40.6%(P<0.01)compared with 2021.The contents of alkaline nitrogen and available phosphorus increased by 8.4%-22.0%and 49.9%-56.9%.Available potassium decreased by 9.7%-14.2%.The contents of soil organic carbon,high reactive organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon increased by 14.4%-14.5%,42.1%-42.8%and 204.0%-252.6%,respectively(P<0.01).Soil quality evaluation showed that soil quality index of RF6 was significantly higher than those of CK and RF24(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between CF and reduced fertilizer treatment.[Conclusion]In conclusion,soybean green manure returned to the field increased wheat yield,soil available nitrogen,phosphorus nutrients and organic carbon content within the range of reducing nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer by 12%.The increase of organic carbon content was mainly due to the increase of high labile fraction and microbial biomass carbon.

关 键 词：氮磷减施 大豆绿肥 土壤质量评价 酸提取有机碳 

分 类 号：S142.1[农业科学—肥料学] S158.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]