施用生物炭和有机肥对新垦红壤氮素气态排放的影响  

Effect of Biochar and Organic Fertilizer Application on Nitrogen Loss in Gaseous State in Newly Reclaimed Red Soil

作　　者：胡林松 达布希拉图 杨宇 李成蓉 黄江凌 HU Lin-song;DABU Xi-la-tu;YANG Yu;LI Cheng-rong;HUANG Jiang-ling(College of Resources and Environment,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;Sanhu Ecological Environment Protection Research and Engineering Management Center,Yuxi 653100,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南昆明650201 [2]玉溪市三湖生态环境保护研究与工程管理中心,云南玉溪653100

出　　处：《土壤通报》2024年第5期1366-1375,共10页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41967015)资助。

摘　　要：【目的】探究新垦梯地山原红壤施用生物炭和有机肥对N_(2)O排放和NH_(3)挥发变化的影响。【方法】通过定位小区两茬白菜种植试验,以常规施用化肥(CK)为对照,在CK的基础上施用7500 kg hm^(−2)生物炭(B)和施用7100 kg hm^(−2)有机肥(F),共设置3个处理,每个处理3次重复,共9个试验小区,随机区组设计,测定各处理土壤N_(2)O排放和NH_(3)挥发量变化和土壤阳离子交换量、含氧官能团、总有机碳、水溶性有机碳、微生物量碳含量和团聚体的稳定性等指标,通过分析氮素气态排放损失与土壤性质间关系,揭示施用生物炭、有机肥与氮素气体挥发变化的机理。【结果】施用生物炭和有机肥均显著降低土壤N_(2)O累积排放量和NH_(3)累积挥发量,两者对土壤N_(2)O的减排效果无显著差异,施用有机肥对NH_(3)挥发的减排效果显著优于生物炭(P<0.01);施用生物炭和有机肥后土壤阳离子交换量、官能团(-OH、-COOH、C=O、C=N、C=C)、总有机碳和水溶性有机碳含量显著提高,且生物炭提高土壤阳离子交换量、官能团和总有机碳含量效果显著优于有机肥,有机肥提高水溶性有机碳、微生物量碳含量和团聚体稳定性的效果显著优于生物炭。冗余分析表明,土壤微生物量碳、>0.25 mm粒径的团聚体百分比和水溶性有机碳是影响土壤N_(2)O排放和NH_(3)挥发的主要因子。【结论】施用有机肥能够提高土壤微生物量碳、水溶性有机碳含量,有利于土壤大团聚体的形成及其稳定性的增强,进而抑制土壤氮素气体挥发;施用有机肥与生物炭两者相比,前者抑制土壤氮素挥发的效果优于后者。[Objective]The aims to investigate the effects of biochar and organic fertilizer application on N_(2)O emission and NH_(3)volatilization in the red soil of the newly reclaimed terraced mountain.[Methods]The planting experiment of two cabbage crops in the plot was conducted.The 7500 kg hm^(−2)biochar(B)and 7100 kg hm^(−2)organic fertilizer(F)were applied on the basis of CK,and 3 treatments were set up,each treatment was repeated 3 times.A total of 9 experimental plots were randomly designed.The changes of N_(2)O emission,NH_(3)volatilization,cationic exchange capacity(CEC),functional groups,total organic carbon,water-soluble organic carbon,microbial biomass carbon content and aggregate stability of soil were measured.The relationship between nitrogen gasification loss and soil properties was analyzed to reveal the mechanism of application of biochar,organic fertilizer and nitrogen gas volatilization.[Results]The application of biochar and organic fertilizer significantly reduced the cumulative emission of N_(2)O and NH_(3)volatilization in soil,and there was no significant difference in the emission reduction effect of the two,and the emission reduction effect of organic fertilizer on NH_(3)volatilization was significantly better than that of biochar(P<0.01).The CEC contents,functional groups(O-H,NH,C=O,C=N,C=C),total organic carbon and water-soluble organic carbon in soil were significantly increased after application of biochar and organic fertilizer,and the effects of biochar on increasing soil CEC,functional groups and total organic carbon contents were significantly better than those of organic fertilizer.The effects of organic fertilizer on water-soluble organic carbon,microbial biomass carbon content and aggregate stability were significantly better than those of biochar.Redundancy analysis showed that soil microbial biomass carbon,percentage of aggregates>0.25 mm and water-soluble organic carbon were the main factors affecting soil N_(2)O emission and NH_(3)volatilization.[Conclusion]The application of

关 键 词：生物炭 有机肥 N_(2)O排放 NH_(3)挥发 土壤理化性质 

分 类 号：S-3[农业科学]