生物有机肥与生物质灰渣配施对连作甜瓜生长及土壤性质的影响  

Effects of Combined Application of Bio-organic Fertilizer and Biomass Ash on the Growth of Continuous Cropping Muskmelon and Soil Properties

作　　者：李青 李其胜 谢昶琰 张苗 陈川[1] 章安康[1] 孙春梅[1] LI Qing;LI Qi-sheng;XIE Chang-yan;ZHANG Miao;CHEN Chuan;ZHANG An-kang;SUN Chun-mei(Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai Region in Jiangsu,Huai'an 223001,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所,江苏淮安223001

出　　处：《土壤通报》2024年第5期1386-1394,共9页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：淮安市农业科学研究院高层次引进人才科研启动发展基金(0162023013B);淮安市农业科学研究院科研发展基金(HNY202017)资助。

摘　　要：【目的】针对甜瓜连作障碍问题,探索绿色可持续且经济有效的缓解连作障碍策略与措施。【方法】设置化肥处理(NPK)、普通有机肥处理(OF)、生物有机肥处理(BIO)、含生物质灰渣的生物有机肥处理(BIOS)及生物有机肥与生物质灰渣配施处理(BIO+S),通过盆栽试验研究不同施肥处理连续施用2季后对甜瓜生长以及连作土壤理化性状和酶活性的影响。【结果】与NPK和OF相比,连续施用生物有机肥(BIO)及其与灰渣配施处理(BIO+S)都能显著提高连作甜瓜植株的株高、最大叶片面积、鲜重和干重。与BIO相比,BIO+S处理不仅能够显著提高连作甜瓜植株的茎粗、鲜重和干重,还能明显提升连作土壤的有机质、速效钾含量和碱性磷酸酶活性。相关性分析和主成分分析表明土壤有机质、速效钾含量和碱性磷酸酶活性分别与甜瓜的鲜重、干重、茎粗等生长指标呈显著正相关,生物有机肥与灰渣配施处理在促进连作甜瓜生长和改良土壤性质方面的效果优于单施生物有机肥。【结论】生物有机肥配施灰渣能够有效促进连作甜瓜的生长,改善连作土壤养分含量状况和酶活性,从而缓解甜瓜连作障碍。[Objective]This study aimed to explore an environmentally friendly and cost-effective strategy for alleviating continuous cropping obstacles in muskmelon cultivation.[Method]The chemical fertilizer treatment(NPK),organic fertilizer treatment(OF),bioorganic fertilizer treatment(BIO),bio-organic fertilizer containing biomass ash treatment(BIOS)and combined application of bioorganic fertilizer and biomass ash treatment(BIO+S)were carried out.The pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth of muskmelon,soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities after two consecutive application.[Result]Continuous application of bio-organic fertilizer(BIO)and its combination with ash(BIO+S)significantly increased the plant height,area of the largest leaf,fresh and dry weight of continuous cropping muskmelon compared with NPK and OF treatments.BIO+S treatment not only significantly increased the stem diameter,fresh and dry weight of continuous cropping muskmelon compared with BIO,but also increased soil organic matter,available potassium content,as well as soil enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase.Correlation analysis and principal component analysis indicated that soil organic matter,available potassium content and alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly positively correlated with growth indicators,such as fresh weight,dry weight,and stem diameter of muskmelon,respectively.BIO+S treatment had better effects on promoting plant growth and improving soil properties than BIO treatment.[Conclusion]The combined application of bio-organic fertilizer and ash could effectively promote the growth of continuous cropping muskmelon,improve soil nutrients and enzyme activities,as well as reduce the muskmelon continuous cropping issue.

关 键 词：生物有机肥 生物质灰渣 甜瓜连作 土壤理化性状 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S144[农业科学—肥料学]