元宇宙空间人身权利的刑法保护  

The Criminal Law Protection of Personal Rights in Metaverse

作　　者：陈佩莉[1] Chen Peili

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学

出　　处：《青少年犯罪问题》2024年第5期110-121,共12页Issues on Juvenile Crimes and Delinquency

摘　　要：身份型虚拟人是自然人在虚拟世界的数字分身,其本质是自然人身体在元宇宙的延伸。人格权要素是基于自然人的生物性和社会性形成的,虚拟人不具有独立人格,与自然人共享同一人格。元宇宙全真体验使自然人的身体可以通过网络触及,强调现实物理接触的人身权利刑事规范在元宇宙空间难以适用。脑机接口技术改变了人感知疼痛的路径,虚拟人受到暴力作用时,痛觉将直接传递至自然人的大脑,导致现行刑法无法应对非物质性伤害类型。元宇宙是人类社会的组成部分,元宇宙人机融合技术发展不应违背社会伦理,应坚持以刑法规制保障自然人在元宇宙的人身法益。元宇宙空间不会导致自然人名誉权、隐私权等精神性人格权保护的差异。由于虚拟人不具有生物性,生命权的保护不应延伸至元宇宙。元宇宙空间的暴力伤害行为应视为对自然人精神健康的伤害,应当受到刑法同等保护。虚拟空间的强奸罪和强制猥亵罪的危害后果主要体现为精神伤害,身体部位的现实接触不是两罪的必要构成要件。The identity virtual person is the digital embodiment of the natural person in the virtual world,and its essence is the extension of the natural person′s body in the meta-universe.The elements of personality right are formed based on the biological and social nature of natural person.Virtual person does not have independent personality,but shares the same personality with natural person.The all-reality experience in Metaverse makes the physical body of a natural person accessible through the Internet.The criminal protection of personal rights which emphasizes physical contact in reality is difficult to apply in the metaverse.Brain-computer interface technology changes the way people perceive pain.When the virtual person is subjected to violence,the pain is transmitted directly to the natural person′s brain.The existing criminal law cannot deal with the non-material injury type.The metaverse is a part of human society.The development of human-machine integration technology in the metaverse should not violate social ethics,and the legal interests of natural persons in the metaverse should be protected by the regulation of criminal law.Metaverse space will not lead to the difference in the protection of natural person′s spiritual personality rights such as reputation right and privacy right.Virtual people do not have biological nature,and the protection of the right to life should not be extended to the metaverse.The violent injury in the metaverse should be regarded as the injury to the mental health of natural persons,which should be equally protected by the criminal law.The harmful consequences of rape and forcible indecent assault in virtual space are mainly reflected in mental harm,and the actual contact of body parts is not a necessary component of the two crimes.

关 键 词：元宇宙 虚拟人 全真体验 人身权利 刑法保护 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]