我国绿色甲醇产业现状与发展展望  

Green methanol industry status and development outlook

作　　者：付楚芮 李景乐 FU Churui;LI Jingle(China Coal Research Institute Corporation Ltd.,Beijing 100013,China;National Energy Technology&Equipment Laboratory of Coal Utilization and Emission Control,Beijing 100013,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Coal Based Carbon Materials,Beijing 100013,China;CCTEG Low-carbon Technology Institute,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司,北京100013 [2]国家能源煤炭高效利用与节能减排技术装备重点实验室,北京100013 [3]煤基节能环保炭材料北京市重点实验室,北京100013 [4]中国煤科低碳技术研究院,北京100013

出　　处：《煤质技术》2024年第5期27-36,共10页Coal Quality Technology

基　　金：天地科技股份科技创新创业专项基金资助项目(2023-2-TD-R003)。

摘　　要：甲醇作为重要的基础化学品,其具有可作为原料及燃料使用的广泛用途,而基于传统化工制甲醇过程伴随着较高的碳排放量,因而发展绿色甲醇成为行业内的焦点和趋势。概述甲醇的产业发展现状并分析国内外的产业政策,研究不同路径的甲醇生产工艺特点,对煤制甲醇、天然气制甲醇、焦炉煤气制甲醇、煤层气制甲醇及绿色甲醇等对比分析,重点针对全球170个生产和规划的可再生甲醇项目进行深入分析,讨论不同国家的项目数量、规模及分布特征等,并基于对国内外产业政策分析的基础上,针对不同甲醇生产路径的碳排放、经济性及考虑未来纳入碳交易基础上的经济趋势进行情景分析,最后针对目前产业发展存在的问题,为促进我国绿色甲醇产业的健康发展提出建议。国际上欧盟率先发布全球首个绿色甲醇认证标准,各国的近零排放目标也提出发展绿色甲醇等替代燃料,国内对于绿色甲醇行业则通过政策引导等手段并发布一系列环保政策和支持清洁能源发展的措施,为绿色甲醇燃料行业提供政策支持和市场机遇;煤制甲醇产生碳排放2.6~3.8 t CO_(2)/t甲醇,天然气生产甲醇的碳排放为0.5 t CO_(2)/t甲醇;绿色甲醇由于原料来源不同分为生物质甲醇和绿氢制甲醇,目前最简单、最成熟的方法是利用可再生电力电解水制氢,再通过CO_(2)和绿氢通过一步催化过程获得绿色甲醇。应加强绿色甲醇生产技术的研发投入,特别在绿电制甲醇和生物质甲醇方面提升工艺效率及降低成本;加强与国际组织和其他国家的合作,共享绿色甲醇的最新研究成果和技术经验;开展重大项目试点,评估不同技术路径可行性和经济效益,为规模化生产提供基础;制定有利于绿色甲醇发展的政策及相关产品标准;促进上下游产业链的紧密合作,推动绿色甲醇与其他行业的融合发展;鼓励绿色甲醇作为清洁�Methanol,a fundamental chemical commodity,finds extensive applications both as a raw material and a fuel,and traditional methanol production processes are associated with significant carbon dioxide emissions,prompting a shift towards the development of green methanol as a key trend within the industry.This paper outlines the current state of the methanol industry and analyzes pertinent policies both domestically and internationally.It examines the characteristics of various methanol production methods and compares coal-based methanol,natural gas-derived methanol,coke oven gas methanol,coal bed methane methanol,and green methanol.The study focuses on an in-depth analysis of 170 global renewable methanol projects under production or planning,discussing the number of projects,their scales,and distribution characteristics across different countries.Based on this analysis of domestic and international industrial policies,a scenario analysis is conducted regarding the carbon emissions,economic viability,and future trends under a carbon trading framework for different methanol production pathways.Considering the existing challenges in the industry,recommendations are provided to foster the healthy development of China’s green methanol sector.These include increasing R&D investment in green methanol production technologies,particularly those utilizing green electricity and biomass,to enhance process efficiency and reduce costs.Internationally,the European Union has pioneered the release of the world’s first green methanol certification standard,while countries worldwide are setting near-zero emission targets that include the promotion of alternative fuels such as green methanol.Domestically,the green methanol sector is guided by a suite of environmental policies and clean energy development measures,providing both policy support and market opportunities for the green methanol fuel industry.Coal-derived methanol results in carbon emissions of 2.6 to 3.8 tons of CO_(2)per ton of methanol,whereas natural gas-derived met

关 键 词：绿色甲醇产业 生物质 二氧化碳加氢 电解水制氢 碳交易市场 碳配额管理制度 

分 类 号：TQ223.121[化学工程—有机化工]