三亚市儿童过敏性鼻炎自报患病率调查及影响因素分析  

Investigation on self⁃reported prevalence of allergic rhinitis and analysis of influencing factors in Children From Sanya

作　　者：陈可娃 魏欣 李锐 郑惠元 郑静[1] 粘家斌 CHEN Kewa;WEI Xin;LI Rui;ZHENG Huiyuan;ZHENG Jing;ZHAN Jiabin(Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Hainan General Hospital,Hainan Hospital Affiliated to Hainan Medical University,Haikou,China,570311;Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Hainan Branch,Shanghai Children′s Medical Center,School of Medicine,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Sanya,China,572000)

机构地区：[1]海南医学院附属海南医院,海南省人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,海南海口570311 [2]上海交通大学医学院附属上海儿童医学中心海南医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,海南三亚572000

出　　处：《海南医学院学报》2024年第20期1564-1569,共6页Journal of Hainan Medical University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金地区项目(82160210)。

摘　　要：目的:了解三亚市儿童过敏性鼻炎(Allergic Rhinitis,AR)自报患病率及其影响因素,为三亚市儿童AR的防治提供参考。方法:采用分层整群抽样方法,于2022年9月~12月在三亚市5个区(吉阳区、天涯区、崖州区、海棠区、育才生态区)抽取2051名6岁~14岁儿童进行流行病学调查。分析AR自报患病率、临床症状特点并对影响因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果:回收问卷2051份,有效问卷1765份,有效率为86%(1765/2051)。男生895人(50.7%),女生870人(49.3%),平均年龄为11.4岁。三亚市儿童AR自报患病率为47.1%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:年龄≥12岁[OR=1.497,95%CI(1.227-1.825),P<0.001]、在家中被动吸烟[OR=1.451,95%CI(1.176-1.790),P=0.001]、每年使用抗生素≥5次[OR=2.255,95%CI(1.616-3.145),P<0.001]、每周运动<1次[OR=1.656,95%CI(1.282-2.139),P<0.001]、每天睡眠时间不足8 h[OR=1.774,95%CI(1.438-2.188),P<0.001]、居住地每月打扫卫生<2次[OR=1.423,95%CI(1.037-1.953),P=0.029]、经常接触灰尘或粉尘[OR=2.765,95%CI(2.020-3.783),P<0.001]、有AR家族史[OR=2.687,95%CI(1.987-3.634),P<0.001]、有食物过敏史[OR=1.538,95%CI(1.032-2.294),P=0.035]、有慢性鼻窦炎病史[OR=6.633,95%CI(3.667-11.998),P<0.001]、有腺样体肥大病史[OR=2.312,95%CI(1.282-4.171),P=0.005]为AR患病的危险因素。结论:三亚市儿童AR自报患病率高于我国大部分地区报道,年龄、在家中被动吸烟、使用抗生素、运动频率、每日睡眠时间、居住环境打扫卫生频率、经常接触灰尘或粉尘、有AR家族史、有食物过敏史、有慢性鼻窦炎病史、有腺样体肥大病史均与AR患病相关,其中经常接触到灰尘或粉尘、有AR家族史、有慢性鼻窦炎病史、有腺样体肥大病史对AR的影响最为明显。Objective:To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of allergic rhinitis among children in Sanya,and to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of allergic rhinitis in children in Sanya.Methods:A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 2051 children aged 6~14 years in five districts(Jiyang District,Tianya District,Yazhou District,Hai-tang District,Yucai Ecological District)of Sanya from September to December 2022 for epidemiological investigation.The self-reported prevalence and clinical symptoms of allergic rhinitis were analyzed,and the influencing factors were analyzed by binary lo-gistic regression analysis.Results:A total of 2051 questionnaires were collected,of which 1765 were valid,with an effective rate of 86%(1765/2051).The mean age was 11.4 years.There were 895 boys(50.7%)and 870 girls(49.3%).The self-reported prevalence of allergic rhinitis in children in Sanya was 47.1%.The results of multi-variate logistic regression analysis showed that:age≥12 years[OR=1.497,95%CI(1.227-1.825),P<0.001],passive smoking status at home[OR=1.451,95%CI(1.176-1.790),P=0.001],using antibiotics≥5 times a year[OR=2.255,95%CI(1.616-3.145),P<0.001],exercise<1 times per week[OR=1.656,95%CI(1.282-2.139),P<0.001],less than 8h of daily sleep duration[OR=1.774,95%CI(1.438-2.188),P<0.001],cleaning<2 times a month at the place of residence[OR=1.423,95%CI(1.037-1.953),P=0.029],frequent exposure to dust[OR=2.765,95%CI(2.020-3.783),P<0.001],family history of allergic rhinitis[OR=2.687,95%CI(1.987-3.634),P<0.001],history of food allergy[OR=1.538,95%CI(1.032-2.294),P=0.035],history of chronic sinusitis[OR=6.633,95%CI(3.667-11.998),P<0.001],history of adenoidal hypertrophy[OR=2.312,95%CI(1.282-4.171),P=0.005]were risk factors for allergic rhinitis.Conclusion:The self-reported prevalence of allergic rhinitis among children in sanya is higher than reported in most areas of China,age,passive smoking at home,use antibiotics,exercise frequency,daily sleep time,Frequency of living environment cleaning,freq

关 键 词：过敏性鼻炎 患病率 儿童 流行病学 

分 类 号：R765.21[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]