从“祝寿”到“祝德”——先秦祝祷观念变迁  

From"Wishing Longevity"to"Wishing Virtue"—A Change in the Concept of Pre-Qin Blessing and Prayer

作　　者：李晓嵘 Li Xiaorong(College of Liberal Arts,Hebei University,Baoding 071002,China)

机构地区：[1]河北大学文学院,河北保定071002

出　　处：《台州学院学报》2024年第5期67-73,共7页Journal of Taizhou University

摘　　要：祝辞反映着周人的价值追求,由祝寿至寿德并祝,德的进入体现出祝祷观念的转变。在“德”观念进入祝辞之后,祝寿所蕴含的以孝为核心的血缘降福,逐渐转变为以德为条件的降福赐寿。德既是祝辞中的重要内容,同时成为降福赐寿的条件,推动着祝辞表达形式的丰富,暗示先秦祝祷观念的变迁。这种观念变迁来源于西周初期的政治建设,受由祖先至天帝的信仰观念转变的影响,同时与祝辞维护社会等级秩序的目的相一致。The congratulatory message reflects the value pursuit of the Zhou people,from the birth⁃day congratulations to both longevity and virtue,and the adding of virtue reflects the change of the concept of the congratulatory message.After the concept of"virtue"conveyed in the message,the blood based blessing with"filial piety"as the core contained in birthday celebration gradually changed to the blessing and longevity with virtue as the condition.Virtue is not only an important content in the congratulatory message,but also a condition for blessing and longevity,which promotes the enrich⁃ment of the expression form of the congratulatory speech,and hints at the change in the concept of pre-Qin blessing and prayer.This change in concept originated from the political construction of the early Western Zhou Dynasty,which was influenced by the change of belief and concept from the ances⁃tors to the Emperor of Heaven,and was consistent with the purpose of maintaining the social hierarchy and order.

关 键 词：祝辞 寿 德 变迁 

分 类 号：K22[历史地理—历史学]