政治信任:基层民主何以提升农民获得感?——基于粤黔省际比较  

How can Grassroots Democracy Enhance Farmers’Sense of Gain?——Based on Inter-provincial Comparison between Guangdong and Guizhou

作　　者：郑方辉[1] 管敬韬 陈磊 ZHENG Fanghui;GUAN Jingtao;CHEN Lei

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学公共管理学院,广东广州510641 [2]贵州民族大学政治与经济管理学院,贵州贵阳550025 [3]北部湾大学经济管理学院,广西钦州535011

出　　处：《深圳社会科学》2024年第6期5-16,共12页Social Sciences in Shenzhen

基　　金：华南理工大学“双一流”建设项目“全过程人民民主与基层治理绩效研究”(2023055);广东省重点智库和广东省法学会基地项目“基层治理绩效与法治化研究”(2023003);贵州省教育厅青年科技人才成长项目(黔教合KY[2021]191)。

摘　　要：乡村民主自治是基层民主及国家治理绩效的重要体现,折射全过程人民民主的制度优势。民主自治的本质是农民广泛和深度参与,参与重在获得。以结果为导向,其终端衡量指标莫过于农民的获得感。基于此理念,遴选“四个民主”为基层(乡村)民主自治的度量指标,针对社会经济发展迥然不同的粤黔两省的现实场景,依据抽样调查数据,检验其对农民获得感的影响。结果发现:其一,农民对基层组织的信任度是乡村民主自治及提升农民获得感的主要变量,基层民主自治对农民获得感的影响存在省份差异,该差异性尤其反映于“民主管理”之中;其二,农民的信任度越高,获得感及其省份差异性愈大;其三,针对主要变量,乡贤能人参与治理对农民获得感的影响存在“倒U型”趋势。基于上述结果,以民主自治驱动农民获得感提升,应促进区域协调发展,立足实际精准定位基层治理目标,完善基层民主制度,提升女性参与度,以乡贤能人发挥示范效应,以智治赋能强化民主监督,以农民有序政治参与优化民主协商渠道。Democratic self-governance in the countryside is an important manifestation of grass-roots democracy and the performance of the country’s governance,reflecting China’s institutional advantage of people’s democracy throughout the entire process.The essence of democratic self-governance is the extensive and in-depth participation of farmers,and participation emphasizes access.The ultimate indicator for measuring and testing the effectiveness of this result-oriented program is the farmers’sense of gain.In the real-life scenarios of Guangdong and Guizhou provinces,where the socio-economic development is very different,based on the sample survey data,we selected the“Four Democracies”as the indicators of democratic autonomy at the grassroots level(villages),and examined their impact on farmers’sense of gain.The results show that farmers’trust in grassroots organizations is the main variable in enhancing farmers’sense of acquisition through rural democratic self-governance,and there are provincial differences in the impact of grassroots democratic self-governance on farmers’sense of acquisition,which are especially reflected in democratic management.Secondly,the higher the farmers’trust,the greater the sense of acquisition and its provincial variability.Thirdly,with the increase of trust,there is an“inverted U-shape”trend in the impact of the participation of village sages and capable people in governance on the farmers’sense of acquisition.Looking at the empirical results,we should promote coordinated regional development,pinpoint the stage-by-stage governance goals based on provincial conditions,improve the grassroots democratic system,enhance women’s participation,use the township sages to play an exemplary role,strengthen democratic supervision by empowering wise governance,and optimize the democratic consultation by the peasants’orderly political participation.

关 键 词：乡村民主自治 农民获得感 农民参与 政治信任 基层民主制度 

分 类 号：D033[政治法律—政治学] D668