Modbus-RTU通讯协议在油田物联网建设中的研究与应用  

Research and Application of Modbus-RTU Communication Protocol in the Construc⁃tion of Oilfield Internet of Things

作　　者：张志文 ZHANG Zhiwen(Log Technology Research and Development Center,CNPC;GWDC Mud Logging Company,CNPC)

机构地区：[1]中国石油天然气集团有限公司录井技术研发中心 [2]中国石油集团长城钻探工程有限公司录井公司

出　　处：《油气田地面工程》2024年第10期68-74,共7页Oil-Gas Field Surface Engineering

摘　　要：油田物联网建设是油田数字化转型发展的基础,由于油田生产作业现场存在点多面广、中小型站场数量众多且分布零散的实际情况,为了解决各种分散的井站、计量站等生产单位的数据采集与监控问题,在物联网系统的架构设计方面,尤其是在通讯协议选择方面,对多种不同类型的工业控制通讯协议进行对比,最终选择了更加标准、开放化的Modbus通讯协议。基于该协议一主多从的原理,开发了适合油田生产实际需要的数据采集与监控系统,该系统在数据传输层使用无线网桥替代传统的屏蔽双绞线,实现RS485总线主数据链路的数据远距离传输,并且有效地解决了周围环境强电磁辐射等原因造成的电磁干扰问题,实现了分散站(库)温度、压力、液位等关键参数的数据采集、存储与报警等功能。采用该架构搭建的采集与监控系统可确保现场采集端数据能够及时、准确地在监控端进行管理,系统运行稳定可靠,并且具有兼容性强、后期易于运维的特点。该系统的应用为油田中小型数据采集与监控系统的快速搭建提供了可以借鉴的经验,具有良好的推广应用前景。Oilfield Internet of Things construction is the basis of the development of oilfield digital transformation.Considering the fact that there are many and widespread production sites in oilfields,as well as numerous and scattered small and medium-sized stations,in order to solve the data acquisition and monitoring problems of various dispersed production units such as well stations and metering stations,in the architecture design of the Internet of Things system,especially in the selection of communication protocols,multiple types of industrial control communication protocols are compared,and ultimately a more standardized and open Modbus communication protocol is chosen.A data acquisition and monitoring system suitable for the actual needs of oilfields has been developed based on the principle of one-master and multi-slaves of this protocol.The system uses wireless bridges to replace the traditional shielded twisted pair cables in the data transmission layer to achieve long-distance data transmission of RS485 bus main data link,and effectively solves the electromagnetic interference problem caused by strong electromagnetic radiation in the surrounding environment.It realizes data acquisition,storage,and alarm functions of key parameters such as temperature,pressure,and liquid level in dispersed stations(warehouses).The acquisition and monitoring system built by this architecture can ensure that the data of the site acquisition end can be timely and accurately managed at the monitoring end.The system operation is stable and reliable,and has the characteristics of strong compatibility and easy operation and maintenance in the later stage.The application of this system provides a reference experience for the rapid construction of small and medium-sized oilfield data acquisition and monitoring system,and has a good prospect of promotion and application.

关 键 词：物联网 MODBUS协议 RS485 无线网桥 组态 

分 类 号：TP393.04[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术] TN929.5[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术] TE46[电子电信—通信与信息系统]