16个澳洲坚果品种在云南盈江的引种表现  

Introduction performance of 16 Macadamia varieties in Yingjiang of Yunnan province

作　　者：李扬 耿建建 马静[1,2,3] 吴超 李志强[1,2,3] 王康 宫丽丹 贺熙勇 陶亮[1,2,3] LI Yang;GENG Jianjian;MA Jing;WU Chao;LI Zhiqiang;WANG Kang;GONG Lidan;HE Xiyong;TAO Liang(Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops,Jinghong 666100,Yunnan,China;Macadamia Agricultural Engineering Research Center of Yunnan,Jinghong 666100,Yunnan,China;Yunnan Technology Innovation Center of Woody Oil,Kunming 650000,Yunnan,China;Yunnan Disi Enterprise Group Nut Co.,Ltd.,Yingjiang 679300,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省热带作物科学研究所,云南景洪666100 [2]云南省澳洲坚果农业工程研究中心,云南景洪666100 [3]云南省木本油料技术创新中心,云南昆明650000 [4]云南迪思企业集团坚果有限公司,云南盈江679300

出　　处：《经济林研究》2024年第3期131-139,共9页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：云南省热带作物科技创新体系建设专项(RF2023-14);技术创新人才培养对象项目(202305AD160033);云南省热带作物科学研究所青年成长基金项目(QNCZ2022-1);云南省乡村振兴科技专项(202104BI090004)。

摘　　要：【目的】为云南省盈江县澳洲坚果产业品种结构调整、优化品种布局提供参考依据。【方法】以16个澳洲坚果品种为研究对象,对树体生长情况、产量和果实品质进行比较分析,并采用隶属函数分析法对其引种表现进行综合评价。【结果】树龄为11~13 a的13个品种表现出良好的树体生长情况;带皮果平均株产最高的品种为HAES333,最低的品种为HAES800;除HAES741、HAES788和HAES800外,其余处于盛产期的品种,鲜带壳果平均株产均大于10 kg;除HAES800外,在盛产期的所有品种中,果仁平均株产均超过2 kg;迪思1号的果仁得率显著高于其他品种。果实品质比较分析结果表明,A4和A16的出仁率显著高于其他品种,迪思1号和迪思2号的壳果大小、单干壳果质量及单果仁质量等表现优异,南亚3号的壳果大小及单干壳果质量也表现较好,桂热1号的壳果均匀度和一级果仁率优于其他品种。果实品质的综合隶属函数值大于0.6的品种为A4、迪思1号、A16、桂热1号、迪思2号、HAES800和O.C;产量和果实品质的综合排名在前4位的品种分别为迪思1号、O.C、迪思2号和南亚3号。【结论】新引入品种A4、A16和桂热1号的果实品质表现优秀,在盈江县具有一定的发展潜力;迪思1号、迪思2号和O.C的产量和果实品质的综合表现优异,适宜在盈江县推广种植。【Objective】To provide reference for the adjustment of Macadamia industry variety structure and optimization of variety layout in Yingjiang,Yunnan province.【Method】The growth condition,yield and nut quality of 16 Macadamia varieties were comparatively analysed and comprehensively evaluated by membership function.【Result】13 varieties aged 11-13 years showed good condition of tree growth.The average single plant yield of fruit was the highest at HAES333 and the lowest at HAES800.Except for HAES741,HAES788,and HAES800,all other varieties which in high-yielding period had an average yield of over 10 kg per plant for fresh nut-in-shell(NIS).Except for HAES800,the average single plant yield of kernel in all varieties during their high-yielding period exceeded 2 kg.The kernel ratio of Disi 1 was significantly higher than other varieties.In the comparative analysis of nut quality,the kernel recovery rate of A4 and A16 was significantly higher than other varieties.DiSi 1 and DiSi 2 had excellent performance in NIS size,individual dried NIS and kernel mass.Nanya san hao also performed well in NIS size and individual dried NIS mass.Guire 1 had better NIS uniformity and first-class kernel rate than other varieties.The varieties with nut quality membership function value greater than 0.6 were A4,Disi 1,A16,Guire 1,Disi 2,HAES800 and O.C.The top 4 varieties in the comprehensive evaluation of yield and nut quality are Disi 1,O.C,Disi 2 and Nanya san hao.【Conclusion】In Yingjiang,the newly introduced varieties A4,A16 and Guire 1 showed excellent nut quality and had certain cultivation potential.Disi 1,Disi 2 and O.C showed excellent yield and nut quality and were suitable for cultivation in Yingjiang.

关 键 词：云南盈江 澳洲坚果 产量 果实品质 隶属函数分析法 

分 类 号：S664.9[农业科学—果树学]