无患子属种实性状的地理差异  

Geographical differences in seed fruit traits of Sapindus

作　　者：毛一帆 王连春[1] 李清 王贺方 王怡匀 赵红珍 杨妮 高永青 王海梅 MAO Yifan;WANG Lianchun;LI Qing;WANG Hefang;WANG Yiyun;ZHAO Hongzhen;YANG Ni;GAO Yongqing;WANG Haimei(Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,Yunnan,China;Yunnan Forestry Double Center,Kunming 650224,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学,云南昆明650224 [2]云南省林业双中心,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《经济林研究》2024年第3期149-159,共11页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2201103)。

摘　　要：【目的】为无患子属的栽培、选优与利用提供参考。【方法】以15个川滇无患子、毛瓣无患子种源地的45株优良单株为研究对象,对果实横径、果实纵径、果实侧径、种子横径、种子纵径、种子侧径、果实质量、果皮质量、种子质量、果皮厚、果中种子含量、果形指数、果实体积指数、种形指数、种子体积指数共15个种实性状进行差异显著性分析、相关分析、主成分分析、冗余分析等。【结果】无患子属种实性状变异系数为4.75%~28.69%,种子质量的变异系数最大,果实纵径的变异系数最小。不同种源地内和种源地间种实性状变异丰富。种实性状与经度、纬度、海拔、年均温、年均降水量和年均日照时间呈现显著或极显著相关性,与其余性状的相关性不显著。RDA排序结果显示,纬度、经度和年均温对种实性状的影响最大,其方差贡献率达57.9%。通过主成分分析,共筛选出10份较优种质,会泽3号为川滇无患子最优种质,景洪4号为毛瓣无患子最优种质。通过聚类分析,将优良单株划分为3大类群,分别是大果型类群、中果型类群和小果型类群。毛瓣无患子主要属于大果型类群,川滇无患子主要属于中、小果型类群,各类群种实性状变化多样。【结论】不同种源无患子属种实性状差异较大;从低纬度种源向高纬度种源,无患子属种实大小与质量呈现变大趋势;地理环境因子会造成无患子属种实性状的差异,纬度、经度、年均温皆为无患子属栽培选优所考虑的重点影响因子;景洪4号为无患子属潜在的最优种质资源,推测是因为其种源地的光热资源更丰富,有更适合无患子属生存发展的地理环境因子。【Objective】It provides a reference for the cultivation,selection and utilization of soapberry genus Sapindus.【Method】45 excellent individual plants from 15 provenances of Sapindus delavayi and S.rarak were selected as the research objects,and 15 seed and fruit traits including fruit transverse diameter,fruit longitudinal diameter,fruit side diameter,seed transverse diameter,seed longitudinal diameter,seed side diameter,fruit mass,peel mass,peel thickness,seed content in fruit,fruit shape index,fruit volume index,germology index and seed volume index were analyzed.【Result】The coefficient of variation of seed and fruit traits of Sapindus was 4.75%-28.69%,the coefficient of variation of seed mass was the largest,and the coefficient of variation of fruit longitudinal diameter was the smallest.There was abundant variation of seed and fruit traits within and between different provenances.There was a significant or extremely significant correlation between seed and fruit traits and longitude,latitude,altitude,average annual temperature,average annual precipitation and average annual sunshine time,but no significant correlation with other traits.The RDA ranking showed that latitude,longitude and annual average temperature had the greatest influence on the differences in seed-fruit traits,and the variance contribution rate was 57.9%.A total of 10 optimal germplasms were screened by principal component analysis of seed and fruit traits,and Huize No.3 was the best germplasm of S.delavayi,and Jinghong No.4 was the optimal germplasm of S.rarak.The cluster analysis divided the excellent plants into three groups,namely large-fruited group,medium-fruited group and small-fruited group.The S.rarak mainly belonged to the first group,and the S.delavayi mainly belonged to the second and third groups,and the characteristics of each group were different and rich.【Conclusion】The seed fruit traits of Sapindus from different provenances were quite different and the variation was abundant,the size and quality of the seed fr

关 键 词：川滇无患子 毛瓣无患子 种实性状 地理环境因子 差异 

分 类 号：S602.4[农业科学—园艺学]