金叶银杏叶表型及光合特征对遮阴的响应  

Response of leaf phenotypes and photosynthetic characteristics of golden-leaf Ginkgo biloba to shading

作　　者：徐意 王改萍[1] 赵群[1] 赵慧琴 王峥 XU Yi;WANG Gaiping;ZHAO Qun;ZHAO Huiqin;WANG Zheng(College of Forestry and Grassland,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学林草学院,江苏南京210037

出　　处：《经济林研究》2024年第3期177-187,共11页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31971689);江苏省科技计划(资金)项目(BE2021367);江苏省高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究金叶银杏对光照的需求,为其人工栽培技术管理提供参考依据。【方法】以5年生金叶银杏为试材,分化为金叶品系和绿叶品系,测定不同遮阴条件下叶片的表型、细胞结构、光合色素、光合参数及叶绿素荧光参数,比较分析遮阴对金叶银杏的影响。【结果】随着遮阴强度增大,金叶品系的叶长、叶宽、叶面积以及叶片总厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度逐渐增加,绿叶品系的叶片总厚度、上下表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度和海绵组织厚度随遮阴强度增加呈先升后降的趋势。金叶品系叶片的L*值和b*值随遮阴强度增大逐渐减小,a*值呈先降后升的趋势;绿叶品系叶片L*值、a*值和b*值均随着遮阴强度增大逐渐减小。各遮阴处理下,绿叶品系叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量均显著高于金叶品系,2个品系叶片的色素含量随遮阴强度增加先提高、后下降;金叶品系和绿叶品系的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度均随遮阴强度增加逐渐下降,胞间CO_(2)摩尔分数呈先升后降的趋势。金叶品系叶片的初始荧光(F_(o))、最大荧光(F_(m))、可变荧光(F_(v))、PSⅡ潜在光化学活性(F_(v)/F_(o))、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(m))随遮阴强度增加逐渐增大,绿叶品系叶片F_(v)/F_(o)、F_(v)/F_(m)的变化与金叶品系一致。根据主成分分析结果可知,绿叶品系在30%遮光率处理下综合得分排第1位,金叶品系在50%遮光率处理时综合得分排第3位。【结论】50%遮阴条件适宜金叶银杏品系的生长,30%遮阴条件更适宜绿叶银杏品系的生长。【Objective】To investigate the light demand of golden-leaf Ginkgo,and to provide reference basis for its artificial cultivation technology management.【Method】5-year-old golden-leaf Ginkgo was used as the test material,differentiated into golden-leaf strain and green-leaf strain,and the leaf phenotypes,cell structure,photosynthetic pigments,photosynthetic parameters,and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were determined in different shade,so as to compare and analyze the effects of shade on golden-leaf Ginkgo.【Result】The leaf length,leaf width,leaf area,total leaf thickness,palisade tissue thickness,and spongy tissue thickness gradually increased with the increasing shade intensity in the golden-leaf strain,and total leaf thickness,upper and lower epidermal thickness,palisade tissue thickness,and spongy tissue thickness showed a tendency of increasing and then decreasing with shade intensity in the green-leaf strain.The L*and b*values of the leaves of the golden-leaf strain decreased gradually with the increase of shading intensity,and the a*value showed a tendency of decreasing and then increasing;the L*,a*and b*values of the leaves of the green-leaf strain all decreased gradually with the increase of shading intensity.The chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of the leaves of the green-leaf strain were significantly higher than those of the golden-leaf strain under all shading treatments,and the pigment contents of the leaves of the two strains firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of the shading intensity;the net photosynthetic rate,the transpiration rate,and the stomatal conductance of the golden-leaf and green-leaf strains all decreased gradually with the increase of the shading intensity,and the molar fractions of the inter-cellular CO_(2) showed the tendency to increase firstly and then decrease.Initial fluorescence(F_(o)),maximum fluorescence(F_(m)),variable fluorescence(F_(v)),potential photochemical activity of PSⅡ(F_(v)/F_(o)),and maximum ph

关 键 词：金叶银杏 遮阴 细胞结构 叶绿素荧光 

分 类 号：S664.3[农业科学—果树学]