贵州不同种源普通油茶家系的遗传多样性  

Genetic diversity of Camellia oleifera families from different provenances in Guizhou

作　　者：王宪永 王小丽 王德炉[1] WANG Xianyong;WANG Xiaoli;WANG Delu(College of Forestry,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China;Tongren Academy of Forestry,Tongren 554300,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学林学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]铜仁市林业科学院,贵州铜仁554300

出　　处：《经济林研究》2024年第3期236-244,共9页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2021]一般220);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目“铜仁市特色林业科技创新基地建设”项目(黔科中引地[2021]4010)。

摘　　要：【目的】掌握贵州不同种源普通油茶家系的遗传变异情况,为家系内选择或良种选育提供参考。【方法】以贵州省7个种源的92个普通油茶家系的果实和叶片为材料,对其7个果实性状和6个叶片表型性状进行测定,通过方差分析、变异分析及聚类分析,了解不同种源或不同家系的遗传变异水平。【结果】不同种源、家系各性状的差异均达极显著水平(P<0.01)。在不同家系中,各家系遗传力为0.64~0.85,属于高遗传力,表明环境对其各性状的影响较小。在不同种源群体中,13个性状的群体间变异均大于群体内变异,叶片表型性状的群体间变异系数平均值是16.27%,果实表型性状的变异系数平均值是36.12%,果实性状变异系数明显高于叶片性状。果实、叶片表型性状的变异系数为9.75%~63.82%,其中单果种子数量的平均变异系数最高(53.03%),其次是单果种子质量(46.70%),表明单果种子数量和单果种子质量的改良空间较大。对于不同种源群体来说,平均变异系数最大的是玉屏县种源(24.68%),其次为锦屏县种源(23.96%),最小的是册亨县种源(22.08%),7个种源的变异系数相差不大。7个种源群体可被聚为3类,其中类群1包含望谟县种源、天柱县种源、黎平县种源和玉屏县种源,类群2包含松桃苗族自治县种源和锦屏县种源,类群3包含册亨县种源。92个家系也可被聚为3类,册亨县地区的种源相对集中,其他地区的种源不集中。【结论】贵州普通油茶资源具有较丰富的遗传多样性,不同种源或家系群体间的变异程度较高。【Objective】To master the genetic variation of Camellia oleifera families from different provenances in Guizhou,and to provide reference for family selection or breeding.【Method】The fruits and leaves of 92 C.oleifera families from 7 provenances in Guizhou province were used as materials to determine 7 fruit traits and 6 leaf phenotypic traits.The genetic variation levels of different provenances or different families were understood by variance analysis,variation analysis and cluster analysis.【Result】There were significant differences in all traits among different provenances and families(P<0.01).In different families,the heritability of each family was 0.64-0.85,which belonged to high heritability,indicating that the environment had little effect on its traits.In different provenance populations,the variation of 13 traits between populations was greater than that within populations.The average coefficient of variation of leaf phenotypic traits between populations was 16.27%,and the average coefficient of variation of fruit phenotypic traits was 36.12%.The variation of fruit traits was significantly higher than that of leaf traits.The coefficient of variation of fruit and leaf phenotypic traits ranged from 9.75%to 63.82%.The average coefficient of variation of number of seeds per fruit was the highest(53.03%),followed by single fruit seed mass(46.70%),indicating that there was a large room for improvement of number of seeds per fruit and single fruit seed mass.The seven provenance populations could be clustered into three groups,among which group 1 included Wangmo county provenance,Tianzhu county provenance,Liping county provenance and Yuping county provenance.Group 2 included Songtao county provenance and Jinping county provenance.Group 3 included Ceheng county provenances.The 92 families were also clustered into three categories.The provenances in Ceheng county were relatively concentrated,and the provenances in other areas were not concentrated.【Conclusion】The genetic diversity of C.oleifera res

关 键 词：油茶 贵州 果实表型 叶片表型 遗传变异 

分 类 号：S601[农业科学—园艺学] S794.4